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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the Media Richness Model?
Which term refers to the storytelling aspect of influencing consumers in marketing?
What does hypercoordination primarily relate to in social interactions?
What is an example of a tool utilized in online marketing according to the content?
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Which concept refers to the niche market strategy as proposed by Anderson?
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What invention in the 1440s significantly contributed to the democratization of knowledge?
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According to boyd and Ellison, which of the following is NOT a requirement for social network sites?
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What does the term 'mass self-communication' refer to in social media theory?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between communication and culture?
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What was a key alteration in how news is gathered due to technology?
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Which characteristic of communication implies that it evolves over time?
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What does 'timeliness' in news often refer to?
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Which of the following is an example of a social network site function?
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What best defines self-concept?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects self-esteem's impact?
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What percentage of personality is suggested to be inherited?
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What is reflected appraisal in the context of self-concept development?
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Which type of individuals are likely to require significant others' appraisals for self-concept development?
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How does self-concept affect communication styles?
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Which behavior might a person with a negative self-concept display when interacting with authority figures?
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What effect does social evaluation have on self-concept?
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What is the first step in the perception process?
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Which of the following best defines empathy?
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What is a common feature of narratives we hold about ourselves?
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What tendency do we exhibit when judging ourselves compared to others?
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What is the purpose of perception checking?
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Which of these is NOT a step in the perception checking process?
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Which of the following can influence our perceptions?
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What does the fundamental attribution error refer to?
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Study Notes
Technology and Information
- Earliest forms of paper included clay tablets, papyrus, parchment, and wood tiles
- Gutenberg's invention of type molds in the 1440s enabled mass production
- The printing press was crucial for knowledge democratization
Influence of Technology
- Alters how news is gathered, with the AP Wire's focus on the inverted pyramid style
- Changes the concept of news from "what the authorities say" to "newsworthiness"
- Emphasizes timeliness, leading to breaking news
- Influences news distribution and enables citizen journalism
What is Social Media
- Defined by Boyd and Ellison (2008) as web-based platforms where users can:
- Create public or semi-public profiles
- Articulate connections with other users
- View and navigate their connections and those of others
Characteristics of Communication
- Communication is a process
- Communication is relational
- Communication is symbolic
Social Media and Culture
- Social media is a defining part of contemporary culture
- Enables communication between people
- Culture is a collective way of life, including beliefs, values, and symbols passed down through communication and imitation
Social Media, Culture, and Identity
- Provide identity cues that describe who we are
- Influenced by native advertising
Social Media Theories
- Important theories explaining social media's impact include:
- Computer-mediated communication (CMC)
- Word of mouth (WOM)
- Social coordination
- Mass self-communication
- Diffusion of Innovations
- The Long Tail
Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)
- Media Richness Model (Daft & Lengel, 1984)
- Hyperpersonal Communication (Walther 1996)
Word of Mouth (WOM)
- Powerful in information sharing and online marketing
- Utilized in viral marketing
- Key examples include:
- Edwards, Edwards, Bakke, and Shaver (2010)
Social Coordination
- Facilitates relation maintenance and activity organization
- Emphasizes:
- Hypercoordination
- Microcoordination
- Connected presence
Mass Self-Communication
- Enhances individual control over information dissemination
- Examples include self-promotion through platforms like keyhole.co
The Long Tail
- Addresses the distribution of niche products and content
- Anderson (2004)
The Self, Perception, and Communication
- Focuses on self-concept and self-esteem
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
- Self-concept includes stable perceptions about oneself, encompassing:
- Uniqueness
- Similarities and differences to others
- Self-view
- Self-esteem reflects an individual's evaluation of their worth
- Influences communication and how others perceive us
Biology, Personality, and the Self
- Personality encompasses characteristic thinking and belief patterns
- Approximately 40% of personality is inherited
- Personality traits can be enhanced through learning and practice
External Influences on Self-Concept
- Reflected Appraisal: how our image is shaped by others' perceptions of us
- Significant Others: their appraisals have particular weight
- Social Evaluation: Comparing ourselves to others, emphasizing the role of social media
The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Behavior
- Self-concept and communication style influence behavior and perception of events
- Example: Nervousness with authority figures can lead to stammering and blushing, while confident individuals speak calmly and fluently, resulting in different responses from others
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
- Expectation of an outcome increases the likelihood of that outcome due to corresponding behavior
- Shapes self-concept and behaviors
The Perception Process
- Involves three steps:
- Selection: Selecting what information to attend to
- Organization: Organizing data to make sense of it
- Interpretation: Assigning meaning to the information
Influences On Perception
- Physiological influences
- Cultural and social influences
- Gender and sex roles
- Occupational roles
Narratives, Perception, and Communication
- Narratives form personal stories about ourselves
- Attribution: Associating meaning with behavior
- Emphasizes:
- Snap judgments
- Stereotyping
- Self-serving bias
- Emphasis on negative impressions
- The influence of obvious information
- Clinging to first impressions
- Assumption of similarity to others
- Fundamental attribution error
Empathy and Sympathy
- Empathy: Taking on another's perspective
- Dimensions of Empathy:
- Perspective taking
- Emotional feeling
- Genuine concern
- Sympathy: Feeling compassion for another's situation
Perception Checking
- Method for verifying the accuracy of interpretations
- Three Steps:
- Describing observed behavior
- Offering at least two interpretations
- Seeking clarification
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Description
Explore the evolution of communication from the earliest forms of paper to modern social media platforms. Understand how technology has transformed news dissemination and the concept of communication. This quiz highlights the societal implications of these changes and the role of citizen journalism.
