Technology and Its Impact on Society

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of smart Internet-connected water sprinklers?

They save water based on weather forecasts. (correct)

They monitor soil quality.

They replenish groundwater supplies.

They distribute water evenly on all crops.

What does the term 'cognitive surplus' refer to?

The availability of technology for educational purposes.

The decline of traditional education systems.

Leisure time combined with tools for creativity. (correct)

The increase in intellectual property rights.

What is a significant consequence of the digital divide?

Greater collaboration among diverse groups.

Increased environmental awareness.

Enhanced global connectivity.

Impeded problem-solving by limiting access to resources. (correct)

How does Web 2.0 facilitate collaboration?

By allowing easy connections and content contributions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of crowdfunding?

To gather small donations from many individuals. Signup and view all the answers

Which technology can help address water resource issues in regions like Jordan?

Smart Internet-connected water sprinklers. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does technology have on global collaborations?

It enables collective efforts for societal benefit. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of successful Kickstarter projects?

They require large single donations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of artificial intelligence today?

To perform tasks that require intelligent thinking without mimicking human thought Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a central goal of artificial intelligence?

Emotional intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of expert systems in the context of AI?

They assist in diagnosing illnesses by simulating the thought process of doctors Signup and view all the answers

Which development is a significant contributor to the functionality of AI systems?

Artificial Neural Networks Signup and view all the answers

How does the Amazon recommendation engine approximate the role of a human librarian?

By analyzing vast amounts of data on user behavior and preferences Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of artificial intelligence?

A system designed to perform tasks that require human-like intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes advances in machine learning in relation to AI?

They allow machines to learn from data and improve over time Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is essential for the development of AI systems?

Big Data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following uses of AI is employed in the banking sector?

Fraud detection Signup and view all the answers

What is one way AI is utilized in the transportation industry?

Controlling autopilots in commercial airplanes Signup and view all the answers

In the field of education, how does AI enhance the grading process?

By automating the grading entirely Signup and view all the answers

What application of AI is beneficial for law enforcement?

Solving crimes through analysis of data Signup and view all the answers

How does AI assist in the medical field?

Through diagnosing unfamiliar conditions Signup and view all the answers

In psychology, what does the term 'affective computing' refer to?

Mimicking human emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

What aspect differentiates unethical behavior from amoral behavior?

Unethical behavior understands moral implications; amoral behavior does not Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of ethical computing?

Developing regulation for technology use Signup and view all the answers

What is intellectual property primarily concerned with?

Work resulting from someone's creativity and knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hacktivism?

Using computers and networks in a subversive way Signup and view all the answers

What is a major ethical concern regarding automated robotic machinery?

Choosing between sets of bad choices Signup and view all the answers

Which issue reflects the balancing act of control and privacy of information?

Censorship and website blocking Signup and view all the answers

What external factor should be considered when determining personal ethics?

Cultural norms Signup and view all the answers

What are expert systems primarily designed to do?

Mimic the experience of human experts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes artificial neural networks (ANNs)?

Digital systems simulating human brain neuron interactions Signup and view all the answers

How does machine learning (ML) improve its effectiveness over time?

Through analyzing patterns in data and adapting its actions Signup and view all the answers

What is deep learning (DL) characterized by?

Learning from data without explicit labeling of correctness Signup and view all the answers

What functionality do expert systems specifically employ?

Question and answer interactions based on preprogrammed rules Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes machine learning from traditional programming?

ML adjusts based on data and patterns instead of fixed rules Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of unsupervised learning in deep learning?

Improving outcomes without labeled training data Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do ANNs and human brains resemble each other?

Both operate through loosely connected units enabling complex problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Technology and the Environment

Internet-connected water sprinklers that check weather forecasts, saving water in California and other dry areas.
Water conservation is a pressing issue in Jordan, being one of the poorest countries in water resources.

The Digital Divide

Gap exists between levels of internet access and availability of technical tools.
Prevents utilizing all minds to solve global problems.

Technology and Collaboration

Web 2.0 allows easy contribution and facilitates connections.
Cognitive surplus combines leisure time with tools to be creative.
Crowdfunding allows projects to receive small donations from many people.

Artificial Intelligence

AI systems perform tasks associated with human intelligence.
Early AI goals focused on mimicking human thinking.
Current goals emphasize intelligent systems that generate results without mimicking human thought processes.
Major developments contributing to functional AI systems include Artificial Neural Networks, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and advancements in machine learning.

AI Systems and their Developments

Expert systems, which mimic human experts, were among the first AI attempts.
Rules-based systems were early expert systems that relied on preprogrammed algorithms.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are modeled after the human brain's structure.
Machine learning (ML) analyzes data patterns to make conclusions and adapt system actions.
Deep learning (DL) is a subset of ML that allows systems to learn from mistakes, encompassing unsupervised learning.

AI in Different Industries

Banking and finance utilize AI for fraud detection.
Transportation industries apply AI in autopilots, autonomous vehicles, robots, and embodied agents.
Education uses AI for personalized learning plans, grading speedup, plagiarism checkers, and dashboards.
Law enforcement benefits from AI in crime solving, database searches, and computer forensics.
Medicine utilizes AI for diagnosis, integration into patient information systems, prosthetic design, and implantable microchips for information transmission to doctors.
Psychology uses AI in forms like "MACH" for automated conversation coaching and affective computing.

Ethics and Technology

Ethics is the study of morals and moral choices.
Laws are formal and written standards for everyone.
Unethical behavior contravenes acceptable standards.
Amoral behavior lacks a sense of right and wrong.
Identifying personal ethics involves self-description, listing key principles, identifying external influences, considering why they apply, and preparing a statement of values.

Areas of Ethical Concern in Technology

Intellectual property, protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
Privacy, a balance between control and information privacy.
Social justice, including predictive policing and the release of secrets.
Liability, with potential quality control issues in 3D printing.
Censorship, including global differences in website blocking.
Social activism, such as hacktivism for subversive use of computer networks, often manifesting as denial of service (DoS) attacks.
Automated robotic machinery faces ethical dilemmas, such as navigating between sets of undesirable choices, especially in self-driving cars.

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Description

Explore the intersection of technology and environmental issues, collaboration, and artificial intelligence in today's world. This quiz covers topics like water conservation, the digital divide, and the transformative potential of AI. Challenge your understanding of how technology shapes our future.