Technical Network Security: Access Control

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary function of NAC?

To create secure tunnels for data transfer

To encrypt email communications

To authenticate users connected to network resources (correct)

To provide centralized logging for network devices

What does a VPN primarily ensure for remote employees?

Real-time monitoring of network traffic

Secure transfer of data over public networks (correct)

Automatic device identification upon connection

Unrestricted access to all corporate resources

Which protocol is used for centralized AAA in network services?

S/MIME

TACACS+

IPsec

RADIUS (correct)

What is a unique feature of TACACS+ compared to RADIUS?

It encrypts the entire communication between client and server Signup and view all the answers

What type of encryption does PGP utilize?

A combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)?

To ensure secure IP-level communication Signup and view all the answers

What does S/MIME primarily secure?

Email communications Signup and view all the answers

Which component of network security protocols includes features like replay protection and data integrity?

IPsec Signup and view all the answers

What does the Zero Trust Network Model emphasize?

Verify all users before providing access to network resources Signup and view all the answers

Which authentication method combines something you know, something you have, and something you are?

Two-factor Authentication Signup and view all the answers

Which access control model is characterized by the implementation of Just Enough Administration (JEA)?

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does a firewall serve in network security?

To separate a protected network from an unprotected public network Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hashing in cryptographic security techniques?

Converts data into a fixed-length value representing the original information Signup and view all the answers

Which type of encryption requires the same key for both encryption and decryption?

Symmetric Encryption Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)?

To inspect inbound and outbound network traffic for suspicious patterns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of biometric authentication?

Password Authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a honeypot in network security?

To attract and trap potential attackers Signup and view all the answers

How does a proxy server enhance network security?

By intercepting and filtering requests before reaching the real server Signup and view all the answers

What function does a load balancer serve in a network system?

To distribute incoming traffic evenly across multiple servers Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Unified Threat Management (UTM)?

It integrates various security tools in a single console Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Network Protocol Analyzers like Wireshark?

To examine, decode, and analyze packets transmitted across the network Signup and view all the answers

What role does Network Access Control (NAC) play in a network?

It restricts user connections based on predefined security policies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding an Intrusion Detection System (IDS)?

An IDS identifies known intrusion patterns and triggers alarms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Squid Proxy?

A proxy server that intercepts web requests and filters content Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of access control?

To prevent unauthorized access to information assets. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle dictates that users should only have the minimum levels of access necessary to perform their tasks?

Principle of Least Privilege Signup and view all the answers

In which access control model does an end user have complete access to the information they own?

Discretionary Access Control Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'subject' refer to in access control terminology?

A user or process seeking access to a resource. Signup and view all the answers

Which security property of the Bell-LaPadula Model prevents a user from reading information at a higher security level?

No read-up Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)?

Permissions are assigned based on user roles. Signup and view all the answers

Which model defines access policies based on predetermined criteria set by an administrator?

Rule-Based Access Control Signup and view all the answers

The principle of 'need-to-know' restricts access based on what criteria?

The specific information needed to perform a task. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Access Control

Access control selectively restricts access to assets or systems, protecting information assets by regulating resource accessibility.
Separation of Duties (SoD): Prevents conflicting responsibilities among users.
Need-to-Know Principle: Grants access only to the necessary information for a specific task.
Principle of Least Privilege (POLP): Limits users, applications, and systems to the minimum access required to perform functions.

Access Control Terminologies

Subject: A user or process requesting resource access.
Object: The specific resource being accessed (e.g., files, hardware).
Reference Monitor: Checks access control rules for specific restrictions.
Operation: An action undertaken by a subject on an object.

Access Control Models

Mandatory Access Control (MAC): Users can access resources based only on assigned access rights.
Discretionary Access Control (DAC): Users have complete control over access to their owned information.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Permissions assigned based on user roles; users cannot change these permissions.
Rule-based Access Control (RB-RBAC): Dynamic permission assignment based on administrative rules (e.g., time-based access).

Access Control Examples

Bell-LaPadula Model (BLM): Focuses on data confidentiality with rules on reading and writing data based on security levels (no read-up, no write-down).
Access Control Matrix: A two-dimensional framework displaying subjects and objects to manage access.

Network Security Models

Castle-and-Moat Model: Focuses on external access restriction; less effective in today's environment.
Zero Trust Network Model: Assumes no inherent trust, requiring verification regardless of user location, emphasizing least-privilege access.

User Access Management: Types of Authentication

Password Authentication: Basic security measure requiring a password.
Smart Card Authentication: Uses physical cards for access control.
Biometric Authentication: Utilizes unique biological traits (e.g., fingerprint, face recognition) for identity verification.
Two-factor Authentication: Combines multiple forms of identification.
Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows users to access multiple applications with one set of credentials.

Cryptographic Security Techniques

Symmetric Encryption: Involves algorithms like DES, AES, RC4; uses a single key for both encryption and decryption.
Asymmetric Encryption: RSA and Message Digest Algorithm 5; uses a key pair (public/private) for security.
Hashing: Utilizes SHA160/SHA512 to transform data into a fixed-length representation.
Digital Signatures: HMAC used to authenticate message integrity.

Firewalls

Firewalls act as a barrier between protected and unprotected networks, allowing or denying traffic based on predefined criteria.

Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (IDPS)

Inspects all network traffic for suspicious patterns; alerts administrators of potential security breaches.

Honeypot

Deceptive system created to lure attackers; logs unauthorized activity and provides early warnings of potential attacks.

Proxy Server

Functions as an intermediary between clients and servers, filtering requests and preventing server exposure.

Network Protocol Analyzer

Wireshark: A combination of hardware/software analyzing network packets for security.

Load Balancer

Distributes network traffic across multiple servers, helping to prevent overload and DDoS attacks.

Unified Threat Management (UTM)

Centralized management tool integrating various security functions like firewalls, IDS, and VPNs for streamlined network security oversight.

Network Access Control (NAC)

Enforces network security policies by verifying user connections and device compliance before granting access.

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

Establishes secure connections over public networks using encryption, ensuring data security for remote workers.

Network Security Protocols

RADIUS: Centralized AAA for network services.
TACACS+: Encrypts communication for network device AAA, enhancing security against attacks.
PGP: Email encryption standard utilizing symmetric and asymmetric methods for securing correspondence.
IPsec: Provides secure, encrypted communication at the IP level, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality across networks.

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Description

This quiz explores the principles of access control in network security, focusing on selective restriction to information assets. Key concepts such as Separation of Duties and Need-to-Know are discussed to ensure proper safeguarding of resources.