Teaching Verbal Behavior in Preschool
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines verbal behavior according to Skinner?

  • Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of other individuals. (correct)
  • Behavior that occurs spontaneously and without any external influence.
  • Behavior that is reinforced through direct contact with the environment.
  • Any form of communication, including spoken language, sign language, and written language.

    • According to Skinner, what is the role of the listener in verbal behavior?

  • The listener serves as a neutral observer of the speaker's behavior.
  • The listener's behavior is irrelevant to the speaker's behavior.
  • The listener's behavior is only important if it is directly related to the speaker's topic.
  • The listener's behavior reinforces the speaker's behavior. (correct)

    • What is the significance of the example of the little boy asking his brother to tie his shoes?

  • It emphasizes the direct impact of behavior on the environment.
  • It highlights the importance of nonverbal communication for understanding.
  • It demonstrates that all forms of communication qualify as verbal behavior.
  • It illustrates that verbal behavior is a product of learning and a learned response. (correct)

    • Which of the following statements accurately reflects Skinner's perspective on the forms of verbal behavior?

    <p>Verbal behavior can be expressed through various forms, including spoken words, written language, and sign language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Skinner mean when he states that the listener must be responding in ways that have been conditioned precisely to reinforce the behavior of the speaker?

    <p>The listener's response should be learned and appropriate to the speaker's behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary evidence that verbal operants are functionally independent under specific conditions?

    <p>Extensive research indicates that the verbal operant response is contextually constrained. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key issue in teaching children verbal skills in relation to different verbal operants?

    <p>Whether teaching one response form under specific conditions will automatically lead to its use in different situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a likely consequence of language training programs that don't include procedures for transfer of stimulus control?

    <p>Children might become highly dependent on specific cues and prompts to initiate communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important implication of understanding multiply controlled verbal operants in the context of communication training?

    <p>To develop more comprehensive and functional communication training programs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about the modalities of communication?

    <p>The most common modality of verbal behavior is written language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what is the typical sequence of language development in infants?

    <p>Pointing and gesturing, then babbling, followed by speech. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'echoic repertoire' refer to in the context of teaching verbal behavior?

    <p>Teaching a learner to repeat sounds they hear. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a therapist use playful and reinforcing activities when teaching verbal behavior?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common strategies for promoting verbal behavior in individuals who don't speak?

    <p>Encourage speech production through playful and reinforcing activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following perspectives on language development focuses on the relationship between environmental variables and verbal behavior?

    <p>Behavioral perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior, which of the following is NOT a primary verbal operant?

    <p>Phonological (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between the traditional and behavioral approaches to language intervention?

    <p>The emphasis on the role of reinforcement in shaping verbal behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the traditional approach to language intervention?

    <p>Acquiring a wide range of vocabulary and grammatical structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavioral approach to addressing language deficits?

    <p>Targeting specific environmental variables affecting verbal behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Language Deficit/Delay

    A deficiency in a learner's verbal abilities compared to peers.

    Traditional Language Approach

    Focuses on language form and structures, not functions.

    Behavioral Approach to Language

    Focuses on functional analysis and environmental factors for language development.

    Primary Verbal Operants

    Six types of verbal responses defined by Skinner based on functional relations.

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    Contingency of Reinforcement

    The relationship between behavior and its consequences that influences language learning.

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    Mand-Tact-Intraverbal

    A verbal response controlled by motivation, a nonverbal cue, and a question.

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    Multiply Controlled Operants

    Responses influenced by multiple controlling factors or stimuli.

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    Response Topography

    The specific form or appearance of a verbal response (e.g., a specific word).

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    Transfer of Stimulus Control

    Shifting response control from a question-object pair to the object alone.

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    Functional Tacting Repertoire

    A versatile verbal skill set where responses occur across various stimuli.

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    Response Modality

    The method through which a learner communicates, such as speech or gestures.

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    Verbal Behavior

    Communication that can occur through various methods like speech, sign language, or pictures.

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    Acquisition Rates

    The speed at which individuals learn/use a form of communication, varies by modality.

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    Imitative Repertoire

    The ability to mimic sounds or words, crucial for language development.

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    Echoic Repertoire

    A learned ability to repeat sounds after hearing them, foundational for speech.

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    Mediation

    The process by which a speaker's behavior is influenced by a listener.

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    Topography of Behavior

    The form or mode of a behavior, such as vocal or gestural.

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    Listener's Role

    The listener's reactions must be conditioned to reinforce the speaker's behavior.

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    Verbal Community

    A group that shares language behaviors and reinforces each other's verbal behavior.

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    Study Notes

    Teaching Verbal Behavior

    • Lori, a teacher, uses popcorn to teach verbal behavior to preschoolers

    • Students learn to request popcorn by verbalizing "popcorn."

    • Functional analysis of verbal behavior:

      • Focuses on the controlling relations of the behavior, not just the form.
      • Analyzing how behavior is controlled by contingencies of reinforcement (how the learner was reinforced).

    • Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior:

      • Analyzes language using principles of operant and respondent conditioning.
      • Uses the term "verbal behavior" instead of "speech" to avoid limitations to vocal behavior.
      • Contrasts with traditional approaches that see language origins as internal. Skinner's theory argues it arises from external reinforcement.
      • Verbal behavior is defined as behavior reinforced through the mediation of other persons.

    • Verbal operants:

      • Mand: a verbal operant that a characteristic consequence reinforces.
      • Tact: a verbal operant in which a response of a given form is controlled by a nonverbal stimulus or object (e.g. "car").
      • Intraverbal: verbal responses evoked by other verbal discriminative stimuli.
      • Textual: response form is evoked by verbal discriminative stimuli (i.e., the products of someone else’s verbal behavior).
      • Echoic: speaker’s behavior controlled by an auditory stimulus from someone else’s vocal behavior.
      • Audience relation: the speaker’s behavior is influenced by audience and its social behavior.
      • Copying a text
      • Taking dictation

    • Multiple control:

      • Most verbal behavior involves control from multiple variables.
      • Convergent control: one response controlled by multiple variables.
      • Divergent control: one variable strengthening multiple responses.

    Selecting a Response Modality

    • Modality (gesture, sign language, pictures) is not a factor in whether a behavior is verbal.
    • Speech is the most common but not necessarily the best modality for all learners.
    • Other modalities like sign language and communication boards can be used for certain learners.
    • Speech can be challenging for autistic learners because they may not respond to social reinforcement like typical learners.

    Teaching the Mand

    • Mand teaching is crucial as it benefits the speaker directly
    • Assessing learner preferences for reinforcers is important.
    • Functional communication training (FCT) is used to reduce challenging behaviors by teaching alternative communication.
    • Time delay prompting, errorless teaching, and interrupted-chain procedures are techniques used for mand training.
    • Simple communication skills like asking for a break, help, or saying no are important. These are under functional control of aversive events, such as demands.

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    Related Documents

    Week 4 Fisher Chapter 16 Verbal Behavior PDF

    Description

    Explore the principles of teaching verbal behavior using operant conditioning. This quiz delves into Skinner's analysis, functional analysis, and different verbal operants like mand and tact, demonstrating how external reinforcement shapes language. Test your understanding of verbal behavior concepts in an early education context!

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