Teaching Students With Special Needs Chapter 1 Flashcards

Key Terminology in Special Education

• Accommodations: Essential supports to offset disabilities, including modifications in assignments and assessments.
• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): Legislation ensuring civil rights for individuals with disabilities to prevent discrimination.
• Array of Services: Comprehensive collection of special education services, including personnel and educational placements designed for various needs.
• Assistive Technology Act: Focuses on providing devices or services to help individuals manage their disabilities effectively.
• Community-Based Instruction (CBI): Instructional approach aimed at teaching functional skills in real-world settings where they naturally occur.
• Congenital: Refers to conditions that are present at birth or develop in early infancy.
• Continuum of Services: A structured flow of special education services, progressing through increasingly restrictive environments.
• Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM): A method for directly assessing students' academic progress in fundamental skills.
• Disabilities: Conditions resulting from impairments or medical issues affecting individuals.
• Due Process Hearings: Impartial proceedings for resolving disputes between parents and school staff over special education issues.
• Evidence-Based Practices: Instructional strategies supported by rigorous research validating their effectiveness.
• Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE): Guarantee that students with disabilities have access to educational opportunities tailored to their needs.

Educational Framework and Inclusion

• Full Inclusion: Model where special education services are exclusively provided within general education classrooms.
• Handicap: Refers to barriers or challenges posed by societal perceptions or by conditions affecting individuals.
• High-Incidence Disabilities: Categories of disabilities that are most frequently encountered in the special education system.
• Inclusive Education: Framework promoting access for students with disabilities to general curricula and school activities with peers without disabilities.
• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs): Customized plans developed collaboratively to identify and organize educational services for eligible students.
• Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP): Plan detailing services for infants and toddlers with disabilities and their families from birth to age three.
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004): Law ensuring students with disabilities receive appropriate education, building on earlier legislation from 1975.
• Itinerants: Specialists who provide services across multiple educational locations.
• Least Restrictive Environment (LRE): Placement ensuring students with disabilities are educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate.

Special Education Services and Practices

• Low-Incidence Disabilities: Categories of disabilities that occur infrequently within the school population.
• Mainstreaming: Previous term for integrating students with disabilities into general school activities.
• Multidisciplinary Teams: Groups of professionals with diverse expertise working together to address the needs of specific students.
• No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB): Legislation aimed at improving educational standards and accountability for students and teachers.
• Normal Curve: Theoretical model representing the typical distribution of human characteristics, such as intelligence.
• Paraprofessionals: Support staff assisting licensed professionals in educational settings.
• Perinatal: Refers to the period surrounding childbirth.
• Prenatal: Relates to the time before birth.
• Postnatal: Pertains to the time after birth.
• Preferential Process: Preliminary steps taken before officially referring a child for special education evaluation.
• Prevalence: The total number of existing cases of a condition at a specific time.
• Pullout Programs: Special education services provided outside of the general education classroom for part of the school day.
• Related Services: Additional assistance from various specialized professionals to support individual educational needs.
• Response to Intervention (RTI): Tiered approach for identifying learning disabilities through escalating levels of intervention.
• Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973: Landmark law defining civil rights for individuals with disabilities.
• Special Education: Tailored education and services for students with disabilities or exceptional abilities.
• Special Education Categories: Classification system established by IDEA '04 to categorize disabilities among students.
• Typical Learners: Students without disabilities who engage in standard educational activities.
• Universal Design for Learning (UDL): Approach aimed at making educational curricula accessible to all students, promoting inclusivity.