Teaching Guide for Earth and Life Science
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Questions and Answers

How are marker fossils, also known as guide fossils, used to define and identify subdivisions of the geologic time scale?

They are used as reference points in the rock layers to correlate and date different geological strata.

What are two subsystems that make up the Earth's structure?

geosphere, biosphere

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Earth's internal subsystems?

  • Matter and energy flow across their boundaries (correct)
  • They are completely isolated from one another
  • Energy only flows within each subsystem
  • They do not interact with each other

    • Earth is the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe.

    <p>Big Bang theory, Steady State theory, Oscillating universe theory, Multiverse theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core subject of this teaching guide?

    <p>Earth and Life Science</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the teaching guide, what does 'Saysay-Husay-Sarili' stand for in the SHS Framework?

    <p>SAYSAY: MEANING, HUSAY: MASTERY, SARILI: OWNERSHIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the Teaching Guide in collaboration with the Philippine Normal University?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The SHS for SHS Framework promotes the concepts of Saysay, ____, and Sarili.

    <p>Husay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main categories of rocks mentioned in the Earth and Life Science curriculum?

    <p>igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ocean basins in the formation of sedimentary rocks?

    <p>The ocean basins play a role in the formation of sedimentary rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geologic processes occur on the surface of the Earth? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rocks and soil move downslope due to the direct action of gravity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plate tectonics is related to the movement of ________.

    <p>plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different metabolic processes involved in plant organ systems?

    <p>Some of the different metabolic processes involved in plant organ systems are photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes are included in plant organ systems? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define embryology.

    <p>Embryology is the study of organisms at their early stages of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are three characteristics of unifying themes in the study of life?

    <p>Structure and function, evolution, ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis in cells?

    <p>To convert light energy into energy-rich compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

    <p>Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose using light energy, which is then used in cellular respiration to produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic unit of life?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic engineering is used to produce novel products.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants reproduce in different ways, such as through flowers, fruits, and ________.

    <p>seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Big Bang nucleosynthesis, ________ took place and produced protons, neutrons, atomic nuclei, and then hydrogen, helium, and lithium.

    <p>nucleosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the universe do if the observed accelerated expansion continues according to recent observations?

    <p>expand forever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation is still observed today in the form of cosmic microwave background radiation?

    <p>photons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the universe according to the content?

    <p>28.6% dark matter, 71.4% dark energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Big Bang Theory postulates that the universe expanded from a tiny, dense, and hot mass.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of anti-gravity in the universe?

    <p>dark energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stars like our Sun burn up hydrogen in about 10 billion years. This process is known as stellar ________.

    <p>fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their composition in the universe:

    <p>Stars = Born out of gas and dust clouds Dark matter = 28.6% composition Cosmic Microwave Background = Uniform faint glow in microwave band Red shift = Evidence for an expanding universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four learning objectives introduced in the session?

    <p>A.Describe the structure and composition of the Universe; B.Explain the red-shift and how it used as proof of an expanding universe C.State the different hypothesis that preceded the Big Bang Theory of the Origin of the Universe D.Explain the Big Bang Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'Baryonic matter'?

    <p>Baryonic matter is 'ordinary' matter consisting of protons, electrons, and neutrons that comprises atoms, planets, stars, galaxies, and other bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the concept of 'Dark Energy' significant?

    <p>It counteracts gravity and causes the universe to expand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of 'Protostar' represents a late stage in star formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ______ is the distance that light can travel in a year?

    <p>light years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Commission on Higher Education and the Philippine Normal University

    • Developed a Teaching Guide for Senior High School in collaboration with educators from public and private schools, colleges, and universities
    • The guide was published in 2016 and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

    The Teaching Guide

    • Aims to support DepEd's implementation of Senior High School (SHS) and uphold the vision and mission of the K to 12 program
    • Focuses on developing the three fundamental concepts of Saysay, Husay, and Sarili (meaning, mastery, and ownership) in learners
    • Incorporates a framework that guides teachers in creating lessons and assessment tools, facilitating activities and questions, and supporting deeper content areas and competencies

    The SHS for SHS Framework

    • Stands for "Saysay-Husay-Sarili for Senior High School"
    • Combines high-quality content with flexible elements to accommodate diversity of teachers and environments
    • Promotes three fundamental concepts: Saysay (meaning), Husay (mastery), and Sarili (ownership)

    The Teaching Guide's Components

    • Introduction: highlights key concepts, identifies essential questions, and connects to real-life experiences
    • Motivation: provides local examples, applications, and hands-on activities to engage learners
    • Instruction/Delivery: includes demonstrations, lectures, simulations, and hands-on activities to facilitate learning
    • Practice: provides worked-out examples, easy-medium-hard questions, and hands-on activities to reinforce learning
    • Enrichment: offers additional examples, applications, and extensions of concepts to encourage deeper understanding
    • Evaluation: includes a diverse question bank, alternative formats for student work, and formative assessment to give feedback

    DepEd Functional Skills and CHED College Readiness Standards

    • Aligns the 21st-century skills set by DepEd with the College Readiness Standards stated by CHED
    • Prepares Senior High School graduates to succeed in entry-level undergraduate courses in college

    College Readiness Standards Foundational Skills

    • Produce all forms of texts (written, oral, visual, digital) based on:
      • Solid grounding on Philippine experience and culture
      • Understanding of the self, community, and nation
      • Application of critical and creative thinking and doing processes
      • Clear appreciation of one's responsibility as a citizen of a multicultural Philippines and a diverse world

    DepEd Functional Skills

    • Include:
      • Visual and information literacies, media literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills
      • Global awareness, scientific and economic literacy, curiosity, risk-taking, flexibility, and adaptability
      • Global awareness, media literacy, technological literacy, creativity, flexibility, and adaptability
      • Global awareness, multicultural literacy, collaboration and interpersonal skills, social and cross-cultural skills, leadership, and responsibility

    Earth and Life Science Core Subject

    • Designed to provide a general background for understanding Earth Science and Biology

    • Covers the history of the Earth through geologic time, the Earth's structure, composition, and processes, and issues related to natural hazards

    • Deals with the basic principles and processes in the study of biology, including life processes and interactions at the cellular, organism, population, and ecosystem levels### Universe and Solar System

    • The universe and solar system have different hypotheses explaining their origin.

    • The Earth is the only planet in the solar system with properties necessary to support life.

    Earth Materials and Processes

    • The Earth consists of four subsystems: geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
    • The Earth's internal structure consists of the crust, mantle, and core.
    • There are three main categories of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
    • Rocks undergo weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation.
    • Geologic processes occur on the surface (exogenic) and within the Earth (endogenic).

    Exogenic Processes

    • Weathering, erosion, mass wasting, and sedimentation occur on the Earth's surface.
    • Ocean basins play a role in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
    • Rocks and soil move downslope due to gravity.

    Endogenic Processes

    • Geologic processes occur within the Earth, including folding and faulting of rocks.
    • Magma is formed, and after its formation, it can lead to plutonism and volcanism.
    • The Earth's internal heat comes from within.
    • Rocks undergo metamorphism due to changes in pressure and temperature.

    Deformation of the Crust

    • Plate tectonics is the theory that explains the movement of the Earth's crust.
    • The continents drift, and evidence supports this theory.
    • The movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and faults.
    • The seafloor spreads, and ocean basins have a structure and evolution.

    History of the Earth

    • The Earth evolved over 4.6 billion years.
    • The age of the Earth is determined using relative and absolute dating methods.
    • Marker fossils are used to define and identify subdivisions of the geologic time scale.
    • The geologic time scale can be interpreted to understand the Earth's history.

    Natural Hazards, Mitigation, and Adaptation

    • Geologic hazards include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.

    • Hydrometeorological phenomena include tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and tornadoes.

    • Hazard maps are used to identify areas prone to hazards.

    • Human activities can speed up or trigger landslides.

    • Ways to cope with geological hazards include preparing for and responding to them.### Marine and Coastal Processes and their Effects

    • Coastal processes, including waves, tides, sea-level changes, crustal movement, and storm surges, can cause hazards such as coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion.

    • Tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, and ipo-ipo can lead to hydrometeorological hazards.

    • Hazard maps can be used to identify areas prone to hazards brought about by these natural disasters.

    • Practical ways to cope with these hazards include preparedness, evacuation, and adaptation strategies.

    Introduction to Life Science

    • The concept of life has evolved over time, with emerging evidence shaping our understanding.
    • The origin of the first life forms is still a topic of research, with classic experiments modeling conditions that may have enabled the first forms to evolve.
    • Unifying themes in the study of life, such as structure and function, evolution, and ecosystems, show the connections among living things and their interactions with the environment.

    Bioenergetics

    • Cells are the basic unit of life and carry out functions required for life, including photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
    • Photosynthetic organisms capture light energy to form sugar molecules, which are then used to combine carbon dioxide and water to form energy-rich compounds.
    • Energy flows from the environment to cells, with organisms obtaining and utilizing energy to carry out functions required for life.

    Perpetuation of Life

    • Plant and animal reproduction are essential for the continuation of life.
    • Genes work by transferring genetic information and synthesizing proteins, allowing for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next.
    • Genetic engineering is used to produce novel products, but it also raises ethical concerns and potential risks.

    How Animals Survive

    • Nutrition, gas exchange, circulation, and homeostasis are essential for animal survival.
    • The immune system defends against disease, and hormones govern body activities.
    • The nervous system and body motion are also crucial for animal survival.

    How Plants Survive

    • Plant form and function, growth, and development are essential for plant survival.
    • Plant organs have unique structures and functions that enable plants to adapt to their environment.
    • Metabolic processes involved in plant organ systems, such as photosynthesis and respiration, are critical for plant survival.

    Evolution

    • Evidence for evolution includes homology, DNA/protein sequences, plate tectonics, fossil record, embryology, and artificial selection.
    • Evolutionary changes can be observed in crop species over time.

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    Copy of Earth and Life Science Initial Release June 13 .pdf

    Description

    A comprehensive guide for teaching Earth and Life Science to senior high school students, developed by the Commission on Higher Education and Philippine Normal University.

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