Podcast
Questions and Answers
The primary goal of teaching is to develop learners' ability to write in English.
The primary goal of teaching is to develop learners' ability to write in English.
False
The lexical approach focuses on grammatical structures rather than lexical units.
The lexical approach focuses on grammatical structures rather than lexical units.
False
The while-speaking stage focuses on fluency and task completion.
The while-speaking stage focuses on fluency and task completion.
True
Information Gap activities involve communicating to acquire new information.
Information Gap activities involve communicating to acquire new information.
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Bias towards grammatical correctness is the main focus of the post-speaking stage.
Bias towards grammatical correctness is the main focus of the post-speaking stage.
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Cultural competence includes understanding cultural nuances of English-speaking countries.
Cultural competence includes understanding cultural nuances of English-speaking countries.
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Authentic materials include fictional stories and made-up scenarios.
Authentic materials include fictional stories and made-up scenarios.
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Learners practice pronunciation only during the while-speaking stage.
Learners practice pronunciation only during the while-speaking stage.
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The warm-up stage in a lesson intends to introduce the topic and engage students.
The warm-up stage in a lesson intends to introduce the topic and engage students.
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Real-world application involves preparing learners for social interactions, job interviews, and travel scenarios.
Real-world application involves preparing learners for social interactions, job interviews, and travel scenarios.
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The primary goal of listening activities is to develop writing skills.
The primary goal of listening activities is to develop writing skills.
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Brainstorming ideas is an activity that takes place during the post-speaking stage.
Brainstorming ideas is an activity that takes place during the post-speaking stage.
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The Oral Approach emphasizes using simple grammar before complex grammar.
The Oral Approach emphasizes using simple grammar before complex grammar.
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Cultural awareness in listening activities helps learners understand different accents and norms.
Cultural awareness in listening activities helps learners understand different accents and norms.
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Limited language production is an advantage of listening activities.
Limited language production is an advantage of listening activities.
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The speaking objectives include building confidence and fluency in conversations.
The speaking objectives include building confidence and fluency in conversations.
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Suggestopedia is primarily designed for children in a structured environment.
Suggestopedia is primarily designed for children in a structured environment.
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Critical thinking encourages learners to identify main ideas and infer meaning from context.
Critical thinking encourages learners to identify main ideas and infer meaning from context.
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Communicative Language Teaching aims for learners to achieve only grammatical competence.
Communicative Language Teaching aims for learners to achieve only grammatical competence.
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Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) includes an explicit focus on grammar during the Task cycle.
Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) includes an explicit focus on grammar during the Task cycle.
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Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) combines learning a subject with a second language.
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) combines learning a subject with a second language.
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Blended Learning solely relies on online learning methods without any traditional instruction.
Blended Learning solely relies on online learning methods without any traditional instruction.
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The 4Cs framework in CLIL includes Content, Cognition, Communication, and Culture.
The 4Cs framework in CLIL includes Content, Cognition, Communication, and Culture.
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In the pre-task stage of TBLT, the teacher does not introduce any relevant vocabulary.
In the pre-task stage of TBLT, the teacher does not introduce any relevant vocabulary.
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The pre-writing stage includes activities such as editing for grammar mistakes.
The pre-writing stage includes activities such as editing for grammar mistakes.
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Collaborative writing is a key feature in the development method of writing instruction.
Collaborative writing is a key feature in the development method of writing instruction.
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The while-writing stage allows students to focus on reviewing their content.
The while-writing stage allows students to focus on reviewing their content.
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Creative writing prompts are part of the C1 writing types.
Creative writing prompts are part of the C1 writing types.
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The objective of academic writing is primarily to develop a unique voice.
The objective of academic writing is primarily to develop a unique voice.
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The post-writing stage involves sharing the final product with others.
The post-writing stage involves sharing the final product with others.
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Critical thinking skills are only applicable in creative writing tasks.
Critical thinking skills are only applicable in creative writing tasks.
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Students should create an outline to organize their thoughts during the while-writing stage.
Students should create an outline to organize their thoughts during the while-writing stage.
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Extrinsic motivation arises from internal desires driving learning.
Extrinsic motivation arises from internal desires driving learning.
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The Grammar-Translation Method primarily focuses on reading and writing skills.
The Grammar-Translation Method primarily focuses on reading and writing skills.
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Visualization is a teaching strategy that involves using images and diagrams to enhance understanding.
Visualization is a teaching strategy that involves using images and diagrams to enhance understanding.
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Intrinsic motivation is linked to the desire for external rewards such as praise or grades.
Intrinsic motivation is linked to the desire for external rewards such as praise or grades.
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The Audio-Lingual Method was popular in the early 21st century and focuses on meaning rather than pronunciation.
The Audio-Lingual Method was popular in the early 21st century and focuses on meaning rather than pronunciation.
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Use of visual aids is one of the key principles in teaching vocabulary.
Use of visual aids is one of the key principles in teaching vocabulary.
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Categorization is irrelevant in the learning process according to the teaching principles.
Categorization is irrelevant in the learning process according to the teaching principles.
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Peer collaboration is classified as a learning strategy in effective language teaching.
Peer collaboration is classified as a learning strategy in effective language teaching.
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Scanning involves quickly grasping the main ideas and structure of a text.
Scanning involves quickly grasping the main ideas and structure of a text.
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The pre-reading stage includes activities like predicting content and introducing key vocabulary.
The pre-reading stage includes activities like predicting content and introducing key vocabulary.
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The primary goal of teaching writing is to equip learners with effective communication skills.
The primary goal of teaching writing is to equip learners with effective communication skills.
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During the while-reading stage, students do not engage with the text to extract meaning.
During the while-reading stage, students do not engage with the text to extract meaning.
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Post-reading activities include summarizing the text and reflecting on its themes.
Post-reading activities include summarizing the text and reflecting on its themes.
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Cultural awareness is not addressed when exposing learners to diverse topics in English-language texts.
Cultural awareness is not addressed when exposing learners to diverse topics in English-language texts.
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Grammar and syntax are not considered important in promoting linguistic accuracy in writing.
Grammar and syntax are not considered important in promoting linguistic accuracy in writing.
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Vocabulary expansion is achieved by limiting exposure to new words in reading materials.
Vocabulary expansion is achieved by limiting exposure to new words in reading materials.
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Study Notes
Terminology
- Listening: Decoding the meaning of an audio string.
- Speaking: Encoding thoughts and concepts into oral form.
- Writing: Encoding thoughts and concepts into written form.
- Reading: Decoding the meaning of a written string.
- Receptive: Reading and listening.
- Productive: Speaking and writing.
- Approach: A theory of how language should be taught (e.g., CLT).
- Method: The way an approach is implemented (e.g., functional syllabus).
- Technique: Specific classroom activities and tasks (e.g., role-play).
- Explicit Teaching: Providing grammar rules first, followed by examples.
- Implicit Teaching: Providing examples of grammar, then asking students to deduce the rule.
Teaching Grammar
- Explicitly: Inductive (examples then rules) or deductive (rules then examples).
- Implicitly: No overt grammar explanation.
Accuracy vs. Fluency
- Fluency: Natural language use and meaningful communication.
- Accuracy: Focusing on the correct formation of language.
Acquisition vs. Learning
- Acquisition: Subconscious, informal language use, influenced by attitude.
- Learning: Conscious, formal language use, influenced by aptitude.
Lesson Planning
- What is set: Learner characteristics, class size, time, pace, objectives, and materials.
- What can be modified: Activities, content, form, linking, and feedback.
- Varying lessons: Tempo, organization, mode/skill, difficulty, topic, mood, settling and active vs passive learning.
Problems in Education
- Time / class management
- Linking activities
- Anticipation
- Flexibility
- Final feedback / objectives
- Planning ( knowing what to do, linking lessons, getting feedback)
Types of Planning
- Long-term planning (semester/year)
- Short-term planning (one unit)
Evaluation Criteria For Lessons
- Goals met
- Student level of activity
- Student motivation
- Organization
- Success
- Mistake awareness
Strategy for Education Policy
- Reduction of the total amount of learning (redundant knowledge and information)
- Focus on outcomes, reducing curriculum, adapting to societal changes
- Modernized curriculum (coherent, clearly defined, covering creative themes)
- Creative activities and teamwork
- Students' critical thinking skills - science & mathematics
- Learning outside of school
- Creative learning methods
Modernizing Education
- Teacher efficiency (creating time for work, improving understanding, individualizing)
- Curriculum content (modernized)
- School modernization/equipment
- Transforming education (prioritizing critical thinking, problem-solving, practical application)
- Equity in access to quality education
- Teacher support
- Professional capabilities, trust, and cooperation
- Funding and stability
- Inclusion of digital literacy.
CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference)
- Standardized framework for describing language proficiency
- Focuses on what learners can do, rather than what they cannot.
- Proficiency levels (A1 -C2)
- Competencies: Listening, speaking, reading, and writing.
- Spoken production
- Spoken interaction
- Written production
Acquisition Theories
- Behaviorism: Learning by associating words with meaning and environmental influence.
Neuroscience and ELT
- Synapses: Connections between nerve cells.
- Neurotransmitters: Chemical messengers.
- Lateralization: Different brain hemispheres specialize in different functions.
Language and Brain Function
- Different brain areas (left vs right) respond selectively to human voices and written/spoken language.
Hemispheres
- Left hemisphere: Language, phonology, word production and understanding, control of other side of the body
- Right hemisphere: Spatial abilities, visual memory, perception, emotion.
Dyslexia
- Difficulty with language-related tasks
- Perception and recognition issues affect memory of words and letters
Bilingualism
- Having more than one language
- Language specifics don´t necessarily make a difference in the amount of cognitive processing required.
Wernicke's and Broca's area
- Wernicke's area (temporal lobe): Language comprehension.
- Broca's area (frontal lobe): Language production.
- Connections: Arcuate fasciculus
Approaches and Methods in ELT
- Strategies: Specific methods of approaching problems.
- Styles: Consistent, enduring tendencies.
- Processes: How you learn.
- Learning styles: Refers to a particular learning approach/method
Teaching Listening, Speaking, Vocabulary
- Various learning styles and activities that can be employed.
- Ways of pre-activating knowledge
- Listening strategies: skimming and scanning
- Speaking activities: Dialogues, interactions, and role play.
Communication approach
- Information gap activities
- Authentic materials
- Warming up
- Presenting/introducing topics
- Practicing in pairs or groups
- Wrap up
Teacher Reading
- Comprehension: Understanding written texts.
- Vocabulary Expansion: Increase vocabulary.
- Critical Thinking: Analyze and evaluate information.
- Cultural Awareness: Exposure to diverse topics and perspectives.
- Language Proficiency: Enhance overall language proficiency.
- Reading strategies (skimming, scanning)
- Specifics of authentic material.
Teaching Writing
- Effective communication
- Grammar and syntax
- Creative expression
- Academic and professional writing
- Critical thinking
- Stages of writing (preparation/drafting/editing).
Teaching Vocabulary
- Principles: Contextualization, repetition, clear and simple definitions, categorization, and engagement.
- Use of visual aids, active learning models, personalized approach, spaced repetition and variety of activities
- Teaching vocabulary alongside text
- Contextual use
- Methodologies for presenting and reinforcing vocabulary.
Motivation
- Extrinsic: External incentives (e.g., grades, rewards).
- Intrinsic: Internal drive (e.g., interest, enjoyment).
- Motivation aspects (e.g., positive vs negative, global vs situational)
Learning styles
- Different learning styles, methodologies and approaches for learners.
- Approaches and methods in ELT (e.g., grammar-translation, direct method, audio-lingual, suggestopedia, etc.)
- Examples of learning styles which should be used in specific situations
- Eclectic approach: Combining different methods.
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Description
This quiz assesses various approaches and stages in teaching English, focusing on speaking, writing, and cultural competence. It examines the methods used to enhance learners' fluency and communicative abilities while integrating real-world applications. Explore how different activities, such as Information Gap and brainstorming, contribute to effective language learning.
