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What is the primary cause of pityriasis versicolor?
What is the primary cause of pityriasis versicolor?
Which treatment options are effective for pityriasis versicolor?
Which treatment options are effective for pityriasis versicolor?
What characteristic pattern is observed in a potassium hydroxide examination of pityriasis versicolor scales?
What characteristic pattern is observed in a potassium hydroxide examination of pityriasis versicolor scales?
In which body areas are lesions from pityriasis versicolor most commonly found?
In which body areas are lesions from pityriasis versicolor most commonly found?
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What is the appearance of pityriasis versicolor lesions?
What is the appearance of pityriasis versicolor lesions?
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What is the primary treatment option for monilial vulvovaginitis?
What is the primary treatment option for monilial vulvovaginitis?
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Which population is at higher risk for developing oral candidiasis?
Which population is at higher risk for developing oral candidiasis?
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What is a characteristic clinical presentation of candida balanitis?
What is a characteristic clinical presentation of candida balanitis?
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How is candidiasis of the skin folds, also known as candida intertrigo, diagnosed?
How is candidiasis of the skin folds, also known as candida intertrigo, diagnosed?
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What is the recommended treatment for diaper candidiasis?
What is the recommended treatment for diaper candidiasis?
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What physical environment does candida balanitis thrive in?
What physical environment does candida balanitis thrive in?
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Which antifungal agent is not recommended for treating oral candidiasis in adults?
Which antifungal agent is not recommended for treating oral candidiasis in adults?
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What symptoms are associated with angular cheilitis?
What symptoms are associated with angular cheilitis?
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What is considered a common clinical presentation of interdigital tinea pedis?
What is considered a common clinical presentation of interdigital tinea pedis?
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Which pathogen is most commonly associated with chronic scaly infection of the plantar surface in tinea pedis?
Which pathogen is most commonly associated with chronic scaly infection of the plantar surface in tinea pedis?
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What is the treatment protocol for acute vesicular tinea pedis?
What is the treatment protocol for acute vesicular tinea pedis?
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Which of the following differentiates tinea cruris from candidiasis?
Which of the following differentiates tinea cruris from candidiasis?
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What symptom is most commonly associated with tinea pedis?
What symptom is most commonly associated with tinea pedis?
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In acute vesicular tinea pedis, what represents an allergic response to the fungus?
In acute vesicular tinea pedis, what represents an allergic response to the fungus?
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What form of tinea pedis is characterized by the entire sole being infected with silvery white scales?
What form of tinea pedis is characterized by the entire sole being infected with silvery white scales?
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Which of the following treatments is effective for moccasin tinea pedis?
Which of the following treatments is effective for moccasin tinea pedis?
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What is a characteristic feature of the infection causing yellowish cup-shaped crusts?
What is a characteristic feature of the infection causing yellowish cup-shaped crusts?
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What is the primary treatment modality for tinea capitis?
What is the primary treatment modality for tinea capitis?
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Which medication is NOT recommended for tinea capitis?
Which medication is NOT recommended for tinea capitis?
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Which condition arises from the inappropriate use of topical steroids in fungal infections?
Which condition arises from the inappropriate use of topical steroids in fungal infections?
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What is a common complication if scarring alopecia is not treated promptly?
What is a common complication if scarring alopecia is not treated promptly?
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What distinguishes tinea barbae from bacterial folliculitis?
What distinguishes tinea barbae from bacterial folliculitis?
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What factors can make candidiasis pathogenic?
What factors can make candidiasis pathogenic?
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Which of the following treatments is advised for tinea barbae?
Which of the following treatments is advised for tinea barbae?
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Which treatment is appropriate for tinea cruris?
Which treatment is appropriate for tinea cruris?
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What best describes the appearance of tinea corporis?
What best describes the appearance of tinea corporis?
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What is a common feature of tinea manum?
What is a common feature of tinea manum?
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Which statement about tinea capitis is true?
Which statement about tinea capitis is true?
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What is the characteristic feature of the non-inflammatory black dot pattern of tinea capitis?
What is the characteristic feature of the non-inflammatory black dot pattern of tinea capitis?
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Which clinical type of tinea capitis leads to scarring alopecia if not treated promptly?
Which clinical type of tinea capitis leads to scarring alopecia if not treated promptly?
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Which of the following is not a feature of pustular tinea capitis?
Which of the following is not a feature of pustular tinea capitis?
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What distinguishes favus from other types of tinea capitis?
What distinguishes favus from other types of tinea capitis?
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Study Notes
Tinea Pedis (Athlete's Foot)
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Fungal growth is encouraged by warmth and moisture from shoes, commonly affecting men.
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Types of Clinical Presentations:
- Classical ringworm: Occurs on the dorsum of the foot.
- Interdigital tinea: Commonly affects the fourth toe web, which appears dry, scaly, fissured, or soggy with itching.
- Chronic scaly infection: Involves the entire sole, showing fine silvery white scales with tenderness; Trichophyton rubrum is the main pathogen.
- Acute vesicular tinea: Characterized by inflamed vesicles that can fuse and may appear as allergic reactions (dermatophytid).
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Treatment Options:
- Terbinafine 1% cream applied twice daily for one week.
- Oral medications: Fluconazole (50 mg once weekly for 4 weeks) or Itraconazole (200 mg twice daily for one week) for moccasin-type infections.
- Antibiotics for secondary infections and topical steroids for id reaction.
Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch)
- Affects the groin area, common in men, rare in children.
- Presents as a half-moon shaped red-brown plaque with a scaling border.
- Scrotal involvement is atypical, differentiating it from candidiasis.
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Treatment Options:
- Terbinafine 1% cream, applied twice daily for one week.
- Oral medications include Fluconazole (150 mg once weekly for 2-4 weeks) and Itraconazole.
Tinea Corporis
- Affects trunk, limbs, and face (excluding beard/mustache areas).
- Presents as round annular lesions with well-demarcated erythematous patches and clear centers.
- Treatment: Similar to tinea cruris.
Tinea Manuum
- Tinea of the hands, dorsal aspect resembles tinea corporis.
- Palmar surface appears similar to hyperkeratotic sole tinea.
- Often associated with tinea pedis and nail infections.
- Treatment: Same as tinea cruris.
Tinea Capitis
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Fungal infection of the scalp, mostly in children aged 3-7.
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May present with cervical or occipital lymphadenopathy.
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Clinical Types:
- Non-inflammatory (black dot pattern): Hair loss with broken hairs resembling black dots.
- Inflammatory (kerion): Multiple tender areas with potential for scarring.
- Seborrheic dermatitis-like: Fine white scales on the scalp.
- Favus: Scutula formation around hair with potential scarring.
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Treatment Options:
- Systemic treatment required; Griseofulvin is well-absorbed with fatty meals.
- Alternatives include Fluconazole and Terbinafine.
Tinea Barbae
- Fungal infection of beard/mustache areas, beginning with follicular pustules.
- Can become confluent with inflammatory masses (kerion).
- Treatment: Similar to tinea capitis.
Tinea Incognito
- Results from improper treatment with topical steroids, masking symptoms but allowing fungal growth.
- Symptoms reappear post-steroid withdrawal, often more extensive.
Candidiasis (Moniliasis)
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Caused by Candida albicans, part of normal flora but can become pathogenic under certain conditions (e.g., diabetes, antibiotics).
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Clinical Presentations:
- Monilial vulvovaginitis: Presents with vaginal itching and white discharge.
- Oral candidiasis: White plaques in infants and adults, often associated with immunosuppression.
- Candida balanitis: Red papules and pustules on the glans in uncircumcised men.
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Treatment Options:
- Antifungal creams (Miconazole, Clotrimazole) for local infections, with oral Fluconazole for systemic infections.
Candidiasis of Skin Folds
- Occurs in warm, moist areas like under breasts or in groin; presents as macerated pustules with moist scaling.
- Treatment: Maintain dryness and apply topical antifungal creams.
Pityriasis Versicolor
- Caused by Malassezia yeast, presenting as asymptomatic macules/patches on the trunk and limbs.
- Confirmation via potassium hydroxide examination shows hyphae and spores in a "spaghetti-and-meatballs" pattern.
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Treatment Options:
- Ketoconazole shampoo, Selenium sulfide suspension, and Itraconazole for recurrences.
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