TCP/IP Protocol Suite Overview

An open standard protocol suite used for internet communication, not tied to a single vendor.

A protocol suite organized in layers, where each layer has specific functions.

TCP, UDP, and SCTP are protocols that manage data transfer in the transport layer of the TCP/IP suite.

This layer handles packet routing and logical addressing using protocols like IPV4 and IPV6.

The core protocol in the internet layer, enabling data transmission using datagrams without error checking.

The packets used for data transmission in IP, which can travel separately and arrive out of sequence.

This layer links the network to the physical transmission medium, managing physical and data link connections.

Standard, cross-platform compatible, enables internet access, easily routable.

Complex setup, comparatively slower than other protocols.

IP doesn't track routes or reorder datagrams at the destination.

ARP finds a device's physical (MAC) address from its logical (IP) address.

Command to list entries in the ARP cache (showing IP-to-MAC mappings).

A broadcast message asking for the MAC address of a specific IP address.

A response containing the MAC address corresponding to a requested IP address.

A temporary storage on a device containing recently looked-up IP-to-MAC address mappings.

RARP helps a device find its IP address knowing only its physical (MAC) address.

ICMP handles error and query messages between network devices when problems arise during data transmission.

A command-line utility using ICMP to check network connectivity.

A network utility used to check the reachability of a host on a network.

Ping can be used to launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks.

Protocol for sending messages to a group of recipients concurrently.

Layer in TCP/IP model responsible for transporting data between processes.

Divisions of data into smaller units by TCP at the sending end, re-ordered at the receiving end.

Numbers used to re-order segments received in correct order.

Numbers sent to confirm successful receipt of segments at the receiving end in TCP.

A transport layer protocol for data transmission that does not guarantee delivery or reordering.

A 16-bit label assigned to a process in TCP/IP to distinguish it from other processes on the same computer.

The goal is for processes on different computers to exchange data.

Needed to ensure data is delivered to the correct program on a computer.

User-friendly addresses like email or URLs are translated into corresponding port and logical addresses by the sending computer (DNS).

TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented transport layer protocol that uses port numbers for communication and has features like error control, flow control, and sequencing of data packets.

Unique 16-bit numbers assigned to different applications or programs on a computer to differentiate them during communication.

UDP is a connectionless and unreliable transport layer protocol with minimal error checking. It's used when speed is more important than reliability.

TCP is reliable and connection oriented, while UDP is fast but unreliable and connectionless. TCP prioritizes data integrity over speed, while UDP prioritizes speed over integrity.

A mechanism in TCP that prevents a sender from overwhelming a receiver with data, ensuring smooth transmission.

A crucial aspect of TCP ensuring data integrity by requiring the receiver to confirm the successful reception of each data packet.

Ports are used to identify specific processes or applications during network communication. Port numbers are assigned to specific applications.

The topmost layer in the TCP/IP model. This layer supports many application-specific protocols for services such as file transfer or email.

Transport layer protocol with features from TCP and UDP, combining benefits of both for various applications, like VoIP.

Simple Network Management Protocol, used for network administrators to monitor network devices like switches, routers, etc.

File Transfer Protocol, used to transfer files between devices.

Trivial File Transfer Protocol, a simpler version of FTP, often used for booting devices.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, used for sending emails.

Post Office Protocol, for receiving emails, stores messages locally.

Internet Message Access Protocol, handling email storage and access on the server.

Allows remote communication and control of devices on the network.

Secure Shell, a secure alternative to Telnet.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol, for communication with web servers.

Secure version of HTTP, providing encrypted communication.

Network Time Protocol, synchronizes time across devices on a network.

Domain Name System, translates domain names to IP addresses.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.

Bootstrap Protocol, used for initial configuration of devices, like mapping physical to logical.