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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of DHCP reservation?
What is the purpose of DHCP reservation?
Where can you find the MAC address of a network device?
Where can you find the MAC address of a network device?
What is the purpose of DHCP options?
What is the purpose of DHCP options?
How can you configure DHCP options?
How can you configure DHCP options?
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What is the highest priority in DHCP options?
What is the highest priority in DHCP options?
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What is the purpose of backing up the DHCP database?
What is the purpose of backing up the DHCP database?
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How do you backup the DHCP database?
How do you backup the DHCP database?
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What type of DHCP option applies to all clients of the DHCP server?
What type of DHCP option applies to all clients of the DHCP server?
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What type of DHCP option provides DHCP parameters to DHCP clients based on type?
What type of DHCP option provides DHCP parameters to DHCP clients based on type?
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What is the most often used set of DHCP options?
What is the most often used set of DHCP options?
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Study Notes
TCP/IP Networking Basics
- TCP/IP is a set of protocols that operate at different layers, used for interoperability among different types of computers.
- It specifies four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface.
Internet Protocol (IP)
- IP is used at the Internet layer of TCP/IP to attach network addresses to packets.
- In IPv4, an IP address consists of 4 octets between 0 and 255, separated by dots.
- Every Internet domain has at least one IP address on the Internet.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)
- ICMP is used to transmit status and error messages between network stations.
- It is used for reporting errors and performing network diagnostics.
- Five types of errors are handled in ICMP: Destination Unreachable, Source Quench, Time Exceeded, Parameter Problems, and Redirection.
Destination Unreachable
- When a router cannot route a datagram, it sends a Destination Unreachable message back to the source host.
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
- ARP maps logical to physical addresses.
- A host or router sends an ARP query packet to get the physical address of the receiver.
- The response packet contains the recipient's IP and physical addresses.
RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)
- RARP is used when a host knows its physical address but needs to know its logical address.
- A RARP request is created and broadcast on the local network, and another machine responds with a RARP reply.
Transport Layer Protocols
- Two protocols operate at the Transport layer: UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
TCP
- TCP is a reliable, guaranteed-delivery protocol that creates a virtual connection between two TCPs to send data.
- It uses a three-step process to set up a connection: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK (three-way handshake).
- TCP requires the source host to resend packets that are not acknowledged.
UDP
- UDP is a simple, connectionless protocol that provides low overhead data delivery.
- It does not provide guaranteed data delivery or flow control.
- There is no error control mechanism in UDP.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
- DHCP is used to dynamically assign IP addresses and configuration information to clients on a network.
- A DHCP scope determines which IP addresses are allocated to clients and defines a set of IP addresses and associated configuration information.
- A scope must be defined and activated before DHCP clients can use the DHCP server for dynamic TCP/IP configuration.
DHCP Scope
- The IP addresses defined in a DHCP scope must be contiguous and are associated with a subnet mask.
- A scope can be created to encompass all the addresses you want to assign, and then exclude specific addresses or address ranges from the scope.
Available Address Pool
- Once a DHCP scope is defined and exclusion ranges are applied, the remaining addresses form an available address pool within the scope.
- Pooled addresses can then be dynamically assigned to DHCP clients on the network.
Superscope
- A DHCP superscope is an administrative grouping of scopes that is used to support multinets on a single network segment.
- Superscopes contain only a list of member scopes or child scopes that can be activated together.
DHCP Reservation
- DHCP reservations are used for DHCP-enabled hosts that need to have static IP addresses on a network.
- Reservations must be created within a scope and must not be excluded from the scope.
- An IP address is set aside, or reserved, for a specific network device that has the Media Access Control (MAC) address associated with that IP address.
DHCP Options
- DHCP options are additional client-configuration parameters that a DHCP server can assign when serving leases to DHCP clients.
- DHCP options can be assigned to all scopes, one specific scope, or to a specific machine reservation.
- There are four types of DHCP options in Windows Server 2008: Server options, Scope options, Class options, and Client options.
Backup and Restore the DHCP Database
- Windows Server 2008 DHCP servers support automatic and manual backups.
- Backing up the DHCP database provides fault tolerance in case of a failure and enables restoration from the backup copy if the hardware fails.
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Description
Learn the fundamentals of TCP/IP, including its four layers and Internet Protocol (IP) used for network address assignment
