TCAE 37: Percepción y Agnosias

• 37 TCAE deals with processes and recognition related to sensory information.

Nosia

• Nosia is defined as sensory information.

Agnosia

• Agnosia involves difficulty processing sensory information.

Asomatognosia

• Refers to the absence of recognition of one's own body.

Anosognosia

• Anosognosia refers to a lack of awareness of a part of the body and not perceiving it.
• For example, feeling a heavy arm but unaware of heaviness.

Asterognosia

• Asterognosia involves not recognizing objects by touch.

Prosopagnosia

• Prosopagnosia is an inability to recognize familiar faces or things.

Agnosia Digital

• Agnosia digital is the inability to recognize one's own hand.

Disorders of the Body Self

• Includes conditions like Anosognosia and Asomatognosia.
• The "phantom limb" phenomenon is also related.

Disorders of the Psychic Self

• This involves having an erroneous concept of who one is and one's history.

Disorders of the "I" Government

• This refers to feeling incapable of directing one's own actions and thoughts.

Depersonalization

• Involves feeling different, changed, or even completely detached from oneself.
• Example: Seeing oneself from above or at a distance.

Disorders of the Surrounding World

• Includes conditions like Derealization.

Derealization

• Derealization is a sense of estrangement or feeling like the external world is different.
• People with derealization cannot recognize the world.

Asterognosia

• Being unable to recognize objects by touch.

Prasopagnosia

• A condition where familiar faces or things are not recognized.

Mental Disorders

• Can be categorized into neurotic disorders, psychotic disorders, and affective disorders.

Neurotic Disorders

• Anxiety and Anguish

Psychotic Disorders

• Thought-related issues include Schizophrenia.
• Alterations (E) refers to alterations or changes in perception or thought.

Affective Disorders

• Mood disorders include Depression and Mania.
• Mania can be Bipolar.

Somatoform Disorders

• Hysteria and Conversion disorders.

Other Mental Conditions

• Includes Hypochondria and Dysmorphophobia.
• Delusional ideas include Paranoia.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) features obsessions (ideas) and compulsions (rituals).
• Phobia is equated with fear (medo).

Consciousness Disorders

• Involve alterations in the state of awareness.

Quantitative aspects

• Obtundation (decreased alertness), somnolence, stupor, and coma.

Qualitative aspects

• Delirium (confused state), twilight state, stupor.
• Consciousness of the "I" (Yo) can be affected:
  • Body "I" (Yo corporal) can manifest as phantom sensations or Asomatognosia.
  • Psychic "I" (Yo psiquico) can manifest as depersonalization.
  • Relation to the world is affected which leads to derealization.

Mood Disorders - Animus

Mania

• Characterized by exaltation/euphoria, flight of ideas (fuga de ideas), and rapid thinking (taquipsiquia).
• Types of mania: Hypomania (mild), Delirious Mania, and Bipolar (mania + depression).
• Treated with Lithium.

Depression

• Defined by intense sadness that increases with age.
• Contributing factors include family predisposition, personality, biological aspects, physical factors, medications, and psychiatric conditions.
• Treated with antidepressents.

Types of Delirium

• Ruin: future is filled with desgraces and fatalities.
• Guilt: the person committed a terrible act.
• Catastrophe: believes everything is doomed to a cataclysm.

Schizophrenia

Positive Symptoms

• Distortions of reality.
• Ideas of reference, delusions, auditory hallucinations, thought broadcasting/thought insertion.

Negative Symptoms

• Symptoms that are an absence of normal mental function.
• Pobreza afectiva and deterioro emocional.
• Deterioro motivational.

Symptoms of Disorganization

• Disorganized thought which perseverates ideas.

Other Symptoms

• Cognitivas.

Types of Schizophrenia

• The paranoid has ideas of delusions and the has hallucinations.
• The catatonic has a motor distubrance, conscience, immobile face.
• The disorganized have has the effect of childish behavior and the display of emotion is inapropiate.

Phases of Schizophrenia

• Prodromica has symtpoms before the manifestation.
• Active has crises, hallucinations, and the illness is displayed.
• Residual has personal deterioro.

Sleep Disorders

• Circadian Rhythm is Nictomeral(day (dia)/night(noche)).
• Light marks the rhythm.
• Hypothalamus (clock).
  • NREM.
  • REM.

Substances related to the dream

• Serotonin Acetylcholine, and Gama Aminobutirico acid.

Sustained wakefulness

• Noradrenaline and Dopamine.

Hormones

• Cortisol, prolactin, Melatonin, and growth hormone.

Stages of sleep

• NO REM, body recovers.
  • Stage 1) Light sleep, very little minuta, cataplexy, and nap.
    • Some sleepiness, is relaxed, but not fully asleep
    • Still able to perceive stimuli and eyes moving.
  • Stage 2) Light sleep, but mostly asleep.
    • Is able to wake up easier then at stage one.
  • Stage 3) Deep sleep, harder to fall asleep.
    • Confused when awakened
• REM, mental psyche recovers.
  • Happen dreams during this period.
  • Cerrical is active during this period.
  • Important to learning.

Duration of fases

• A cicle of 2 to 5 stages last from 70 to 80 min.
• Fase I (5%)
• Fase II (25%)
• Fase III - IV (45%)
• Fase REM (25%)

Sleep Disturbances

• Fragmented sleep.

Sleep duration

• Sleep duration of the sleep.

Trostomos de Sueno

• Disharmonia, contatidad, and caloridrd.

Parasomnias

• Nightmares en fase REM.

Insomnia

• 3 veces in 1 mes.

Disomnias

• Atmoment de poriad and Dracion which are both type of insomnia.
  • at moment
  • De momento
    • latedia de sono de 30mim.
• De morteniato.

Anuanos

• Two or four mantetmiento.

Si 54 Dracio.

• Ttansitorio osituacionel.
  • No hay menos epasiones.
• De corto Drancion.
  • A cireto repouscion Dirua
• Croonicos. -Davante un mes.

Tiatom insomnia hipnoticos.

• Yhipnotio bonzodioseplac.

Faso (1)

• Many.
• ⌲Faso 2infem despectar as Nocturnos.

hipnatio no benzodiosepina

Hispersonia

• Sueno pestente y epodios.

Mitomas nacturnas

• Sincrome de las pienas isprictos.