TCA Cycle and Aromatic Compounds Catabolism

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Questions and Answers

Who made significant contributions by proving the microbial basis for fermentation and refuting spontaneous generation?

  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Robert Koch
  • Edward Jenner
  • John Tyndall

Which scientist is associated with the concept of Germ Theory of Fermentation?

  • John Tyndall
  • Robert Koch
  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Edward Jenner

What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells are always multicellular, while eukaryotic cells are always unicellular.
  • Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not.
  • Eukaryotic cells have a cell wall, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which domain is not part of the three domains of microbial taxonomy & phylogeny?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the smallpox variolation technique as a form of immunization?

<p>Edward Jenner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist established the principle of immunization and vaccination?

<p>Louis Pasteur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Electron Transport Systems?

<p>Generating proton motive force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme facilitates the breakage of aromatic compounds in their metabolism?

<p>Dioxygenase enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reduction potential (E) a measure of?

<p>Ability of a molecule to accept electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular process is primarily driven by the Proton Motive Force (PMF)?

<p>ATP synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In anaerobic respiration, what serves as the alternative terminal electron acceptors?

<p>Various molecules instead of oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in glucose oxidation via the TCA cycle?

<p>Yielding reduced electron carriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary electron donor for nitrifiers in lithotrophy?

<p>H2S (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common product of dissimilatory denitrification?

<p>N2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of bacteriorhodopsin in phototrophy?

<p>Proton pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of photosynthesis uses water as the electron donor?

<p>Oxygenic photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic molecule is NOT commonly used as an electron donor in lithotrophy?

<p>H2O (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary photosynthetic pigment used by purple non-sulfur bacteria in anoxygenic photosynthesis?

<p>Bacteriochlorophyll (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process where energy capture occurs via ATP and NADH through electron transfer?

<p>Redox reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the formation of sugars for biosynthesis?

<p>Pentose Phosphate pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main end product of fermentation coupled to glycolysis?

<p>Small organic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process are NADH molecules oxidized to NAD to supply glycolysis for ATP formation?

<p>Fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway?

<p>Substrate level phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the difference between lithotrophy and organotrophy?

<p>Type of energy source used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In photosynthesis, which process is utilized by a microorganism that has only PS II and occurs anaerobically?

<p>Cyclic photophosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protective mechanisms do microorganisms use to minimize the toxic effects of oxygen?

<p>Utilization of enzymes like SOD, catalase, peroxidase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism thrives optimally when exposed to different parameters of pH, temperature, salinity, and pressure?

<p>Tolerant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fluid thioglycollate medium in microbiology?

<p>Enable differentiation between aerobes and anaerobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in the nitrogen cycle results in greenhouse gas formation, particularly N2O?

<p>Denitrification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stage of wastewater treatment involves the concept of activated sludge and saprophytes?

<p>Secondary treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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