30 Questions
Who made significant contributions by proving the microbial basis for fermentation and refuting spontaneous generation?
Louis Pasteur
Which scientist is associated with the concept of Germ Theory of Fermentation?
Louis Pasteur
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Which domain is not part of the three domains of microbial taxonomy & phylogeny?
Fungi
Who developed the smallpox variolation technique as a form of immunization?
Edward Jenner
Which scientist established the principle of immunization and vaccination?
Louis Pasteur
What is the main function of the Electron Transport Systems?
Generating proton motive force
Which enzyme facilitates the breakage of aromatic compounds in their metabolism?
Dioxygenase enzymes
What is the reduction potential (E) a measure of?
Ability of a molecule to accept electrons
Which cellular process is primarily driven by the Proton Motive Force (PMF)?
ATP synthesis
In anaerobic respiration, what serves as the alternative terminal electron acceptors?
Various molecules instead of oxygen
What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in glucose oxidation via the TCA cycle?
Yielding reduced electron carriers
What is the primary electron donor for nitrifiers in lithotrophy?
H2S
Which of the following is a common product of dissimilatory denitrification?
N2
What is the main function of bacteriorhodopsin in phototrophy?
Proton pump
Which type of photosynthesis uses water as the electron donor?
Oxygenic photosynthesis
Which inorganic molecule is NOT commonly used as an electron donor in lithotrophy?
H2O
What is the primary photosynthetic pigment used by purple non-sulfur bacteria in anoxygenic photosynthesis?
Bacteriochlorophyll
What is the process where energy capture occurs via ATP and NADH through electron transfer?
Redox reaction
Which pathway involves the formation of sugars for biosynthesis?
Pentose Phosphate pathway
What is the main end product of fermentation coupled to glycolysis?
Small organic acids
In which process are NADH molecules oxidized to NAD to supply glycolysis for ATP formation?
Fermentation
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway?
Substrate level phosphorylation
What defines the difference between lithotrophy and organotrophy?
Type of energy source used
In photosynthesis, which process is utilized by a microorganism that has only PS II and occurs anaerobically?
Cyclic photophosphorylation
What protective mechanisms do microorganisms use to minimize the toxic effects of oxygen?
Utilization of enzymes like SOD, catalase, peroxidase
What type of microorganism thrives optimally when exposed to different parameters of pH, temperature, salinity, and pressure?
Tolerant
What is the purpose of fluid thioglycollate medium in microbiology?
Enable differentiation between aerobes and anaerobes
Which process in the nitrogen cycle results in greenhouse gas formation, particularly N2O?
Denitrification
What stage of wastewater treatment involves the concept of activated sludge and saprophytes?
Secondary treatment
Learn about how glucose is completely oxidized via the TCA cycle in the presence of oxygen, yielding reduced electron carriers for the electron transport system. Explore the catabolism of aromatic compounds involving dioxygenase enzymes that facilitate the breakage of aromatic compounds.
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