30 Questions
What was the system called where men between sixteen and sixty were required to serve for forty days each year in the labor pool?
Polo y servicio
What were men between sixteen and sixty required to provide for the drafted men who were seldom paid?
Rice
What did the shortage of workforce in the communities lead to?
Abandonment of rice fields
What were the parcels of land given by the King of Spain to individuals called?
Encomiendas
Who were the encomenderos that received the parcels of land usually composed of?
Soldiers, administrative officials, and priests
What was the supposed purpose of giving encomenderos the parcels of land?
To ensure the security of the territory and its people
What was the main form of tribute payment mentioned in the text?
Gold
Why did people often defy the authorities and refuse to pay the tribute?
It was too high to afford
What happened to those who could not pay the tribute?
They were imprisoned
Why did collectors demand cash payment when money was scarce?
To increase their profits
What did the bandala tax involve?
Requisitioning of goods like rice or coconut oil
What happened to people's promissory notes obtained through the system of bandala?
They were seldom redeemed in full
What was the purpose of the reduccion system initiated by the Spaniards?
To centralize their rule over the archipelago
What is the significance of a poblacion in the Spanish colonial system?
It serves as the major population center with government offices and church.
Why did Filipinos who did not follow the reduccion system flee to the countryside?
They feared being labeled as bandits by the colonial government.
What structures are commonly found in a barangay named 'Poblacion' in the Philippines?
Church, municipal hall, market, police office
What was one direct tax imposed by the Spaniards on the Filipinos?
Buwis (tribute)
How did the reduccion system facilitate tax collection for the Spaniards?
By consolidating people into easily monitored areas
During the Spanish period in the Philippines, who occupied the top administrative posts in the Spanish colonial government?
Peninsulares
What was the social status of the people residing within the encomendero's land?
They acted as personal servants to the encomendero.
What characterized the social hierarchy under the barangay system?
It categorized people into nobles, freemen, and dependents.
Who were the 'insulares' in the Spanish colonial society of the Philippines?
Full-blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines
Which group was at the bottom of the social hierarchy during the Spanish period in the Philippines?
'Insulares'
How did social stratification work during the Spanish period in the Philippines?
Members could freely move between different social groups.
Who were considered more prestigious and superior according to the peninsulares?
People born in Spain
What were individuals born in the Philippines originally called?
Espanoles filipinos
Who were considered as mestizos?
Those with a Spanish parent and a native parent
What was the social standing of the 'principalias' based on the text?
Descendants of nobles allying with Spain
Who were the 'Indios' in the social hierarchy described?
Inhabitants of the archipelago with no foreign descent
Who composed the social class known as 'Sangleys'?
Chinese citizens pursuing trading activities
Explore the system of taxation and mandatory labor service imposed on men between the ages of sixteen and sixty in historical societies. Learn about the concept of 'polo y servicio' where drafted men were required to provide personal service to various projects.
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