تاريخ علم الاقتصاد

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Questions and Answers

ما هي الأهداف الرئيسية للبنك المركزي؟

إصدار النقود والرقابة على البنوك التجارية فقط

إصدار النقود والرقابة على البنوك التجارية والحفاظ على استقرار المستوى العام للأسعار (correct)

استغلال جميع الموارد الإنتاجية المتوفرة في الاقتصاد المحلي

إدارة غرفة المقاصة فقط

كيف يساهم البنك المركزي في الحفاظ على استقرار المستوى العام للأسعار؟

من خلال التلاعب بسعر الفائدة

من خلال شراء أو بيع السندات الحكومية

من خلال ضبط كمية النقود المتداولة في الاقتصاد

جميع الخيارات السابقة صحيحة (correct)

ما هو الهدف من رقابة البنك المركزي على البنوك التجارية؟

جميع الخيارات السابقة صحيحة (correct)

منع حدوث أزمات مالية في البنوك التجارية

التأكد من أن تعمل البنوك التجارية وفقًا للأنظمة والتوجيهات المالية

ضمان توفر السيولة الكافية للنشاط الاقتصادي

أي من الخيارات التالية تعتبر من مهام البنك المركزي؟

إصدار النقود (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هي النتيجة المباشرة لتأثير السياسة الضريبية للدولة على العرض؟

تغيير مستويات العرض المتاحة (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الهدف من إدارة غرفة المقاصة من قبل البنك المركزي؟

جميع الخيارات السابقة صحيحة (C) Signup and view all the answers

كيف يمكن أن تؤثر السياسة الضريبية للدولة على سعر التوازن؟

تغيير في تكاليف الإنتاج (C) Signup and view all the answers

أي من الخيارات التالية يعتبر دليلاً على تأثير السياسة الضريبية على العرض؟

زيادة في الضرائب على الشركات (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو السبب المحتمل الذي جعل كارل ماركس يشيد بالإنجازات المذكورة؟

تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية (C) Signup and view all the answers

من هو مؤسس النظام الاقتصادي الاشتراكي الذي أشاد بإنجازات معينة؟

كارل ماركس (A) Signup and view all the answers

أي من النتائج التالية لا تتعلق بالإنجاز الكبير للإطار المذكور؟

زيادة الفقر (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الدور الأساسي للسياسة الضريبية في تحديد سعر التوازن؟

تأثيرها على تكاليف الشركات (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو التأثير الناتج عن الإنجاز الكبير لإطار ما تم ذكره؟

ارتفاع مستوى المعيشة (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما نتيجة تأثير السياسة الضريبية للدولة على سعر التوازن؟

تغيير في مستويات الأسعار فقط (A) Signup and view all the answers

أي من الأنظمة الاقتصادية التالي قد تم تأسيسه من قبل كارل ماركس؟

الاشتراكية (B) Signup and view all the answers

عندما يتغير الثمن بنسبة معينة، كيف تؤثر هذه التغيرات على الكمية المعروضة؟

تتغير الكمية المعروضة وفقًا للتغير في السعر (B) Signup and view all the answers

أي من الخيارات التالية يشير إلى زيادة المرونة عندما يرتفع مستوى الدخل؟

تزيد المرونة (C) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو المفهوم الذي يشير إلى الطلب الذي لا يتغير بتغير السعر؟

الطلب عديم المرونة (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو نوع الطلب الذي يتغير بتغير السعر وبنسبة مشابهة؟

الطلب متكافئ المرونة (D) Signup and view all the answers

عندما تزيد المرونة في الطلب، كيف تتأثر استجابة المستهلكين لتغيرات الأسعار؟

تزيد الاستجابة (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الدور الرئيسي الذي يقوم به البنك المركزي تجاه البنوك التجارية؟

تحقيق الاستقرار في النظام البنكي (A) Signup and view all the answers

من سيستفيد من تضخم الأسعار؟

المدينون (D) Signup and view all the answers

ما هي النتيجة المترتبة على استقرار النظام البنكي؟

تحسين الظروف الاقتصادية بشكل عام (D) Signup and view all the answers

لماذا تلجأ البنوك التجارية إلى البنك المركزي؟

لحل المشاكل الكبيرة التي تواجهها (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو الأثر المباشر على البنوك التجارية عند تعاونها مع البنك المركزي؟

تعزيز الأمان المالي (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما الذي يسعى إليه البنك المركزي بمساعدته للبنوك التجارية؟

رفع درجة الاستقرار البنكي (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هي البطالة الموسمية؟

البطالة التي تحدث خلال موسم معين من العام (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو مفهوم 'الاحتكاكية'؟

نوع من البطالة يتعلق بالتحولات بين الوظائف (B) Signup and view all the answers

ما هو تأثير التضخم على الدائن؟

يتضرر الدائن من التضخم (B) Signup and view all the answers

ماذا يحدث عندما ترتفع الأسعار؟

تنخفض قيمة العملة (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

True/False Statements

Economics is a social science. True
The needs of the poor are the same as the needs of the rich. False
Human needs are variable. True
Economics is the science of scarcity. True
Means of satisfying needs are limited. True

Deductive vs. Inductive Reasoning

Deductive reasoning is descending reasoning. True
Inductive reasoning is ascending reasoning. True

Keynesian Economics

Keynesian economics had a significant impact in overcoming economic stagnation. True

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics concerns itself with various areas such as interest rates, taxes, and inflation. True
Macroeconomics includes multiple subjects such as interest rates, taxes and inflation. True
There is a strong relationship between economics and history. True

Economic Systems

Economic systems differ based on their perspective on economic problems and the proposed solutions. True
An economic system (economic system) is a collection of economic, legal, and social relationships that govern economic life in a given society at a particular time. True
The primitive communal system replaced the system of slavery or serfdom. False
The system of slavery replaced the feudal system. False
The outlines and relationships of the capitalist system emerged from the ruins of the feudal system. True
The capitalist economy is based on collective ownership of the means of production. False
The capitalist economy aims to meet social needs. False
The socialist economy aims for no state intervention in the economy. False
Characteristics of the capitalist system include private ownership of production factors. True
Characteristics of the capitalist system include economic freedom. True
Many experts have agreed on a definition of globalization. False
Speculation is an investment tool close to general commerce. False
Mixed economy aims for no state intervention in the economy. False
Human needs are diverse. True
The economic problem is a permanent, ongoing problem. True

Effective Demand

Effective demand for a commodity is realized by the desire to purchase. False
Effective demand for a commodity is realized by the desire to buy and the ability to pay. True
Effective demand for a commodity is realized by the ability to pay. False

Supply and Demand Relationship

The relationship between quantity demanded and price is inverse. True
The relationship between quantity demanded and price is direct. False
Demand is infinitely elastic, which is the situation where a change in the price of a commodity leads to an infinite change in the quantity demanded of that commodity. True
Demand is inelastic, meaning that the quantity demanded is unresponsive to price changes. True
Increasing taxes on production or sales reduces the quantity supplied. True
Subsidies to producers reduce the quantity supplied. False
A decrease in the prices of production factors increases the quantity supplied. True
The law of supply represents the relationship between the quantity supplied of a good or service and the price of that good or service. True
When the price changes by a certain percentage, the quantity supplied of the commodity also changes by the same percentage, the supply is elastic. False
In the case of inelastic supply, the quantity supplied changes by a greater proportion than the price change. False
The relationship between quantity supplied and price is inverse. False
The relationship between quantity supplied and price is direct. True
Government tax policy affects consumption. True
Government tax policy affects savings. True
Investing in inventories is a major part of investment. True
The availability of a large stock of capital goods increases investments. True
The marginal propensity to consume is higher for the poor than for the rich. False

Inflation

Imported inflation: rising prices due to the influx of global inflation into them through imports. True
Debtors do not benefit from inflation. False
Inflation harms all segments of society. False

Unemployment

Unemployment: is the idleness of the worker with the desire to work at the prevailing wage rate in the market. True
Structural unemployment is that unemployment that arises from a decline in aggregate demand for goods and services, and thus employment, as a result of economic recession. False
Capital is intangible and is represented by factories, machinery, tools, and buildings. False
The marginal product of labor is the change in total output. True
The change in the number of workers. True
Tangible capital, represented by cash, stocks, and bonds. False
Form utility refers to the utility generated by changing the shape of the material. True
Economists have differed in defining production factors throughout history. True
Central banks' most significant functions include issuing banknotes and coins according to economic needs. True
In a barter system, it is possible to store goods for future use. False
There is an inverse relationship between the amount of money in circulation and the general price level. False
The central bank borrows from commercial banks, which in turn impose a specific interest rate called the discount rate. False
The central bank buys and sells government bonds using open market operations. True
John Stuart Mill's book is "The Wealth of Nations". False
Adam Smith views economic development as a function of land, labor, and capital. False
Schumpeter was influenced by the neoclassical school in considering the capitalist system as the general framework for economic growth. True
Demand creates its own supply, according to Keynes. True
According to Leibenstein, developing countries suffer from a vicious cycle of poverty. True
Government tax policy affects supply. True
Government tax policy affects equilibrium price. True
Increasing the number of consumers for a commodity reduces demand for it. False
Indifference curves have a positive slope. False
Indifference curves do not intersect. True

Multiple Choice Questions

The birth of economics is largely attributed to (Adam Smith - David Ricardo - Marx - Alfred Marshall). Adam Smith
A book on the principles of economics and taxation was written by (Adam Smith - David Ricardo - Marx - Alfred Marshall). David Ricardo
Defining Economics (as the study of human actions for the purpose of living) is credited to (Adam Smith - David Ricardo - Marx - Alfred Marshall). Alfred Marshall
Focusing on aggregate output and employment is associated with (Adam Smith - David Ricardo - Keynes - Alfred Marshall). Keynes
Traditional economists during the era of free capitalism defined economics as (the science of wealth, the science of exchange, the science of meeting human needs, the science of scarcity). the science of scarcity
What is considered a bridge between classical and modern economics? Marginalism
Inductive reasoning is considered ascending reasoning.
Deductive reasoning is considered descending reasoning.
The person most associated with overcoming stagnation is Keynes.

Other Economics Concepts

Characteristics of Capitalism: Private ownership of production factors, economic freedom,
Characteristics of Socialism: Collective ownership of production factors.
Advantages of Capitalism: Increased production, improved living standards, efficient resource utilization,
Disadvantages of Capitalism: Unequal wealth distribution, limited freedoms, potential for monopolies,
Factors affecting negative impact on resources: War, natural disasters, environmental pollution.
Functions of a Central Bank: Issuing currency, regulating commercial banks, managing monetary policy, managing government funds, clearinghouse operations, bank of commercial banks, providing assistance and guidance to commercial banks.
Types of Capital: Fixed capital (machines, tools, buildings), circulating capital (raw materials, fuel, semi-finished goods), tangible capital, intangible capital, productive capital, and financial capital.
Effects of Inflation on Balance of Payments: A country with high prices will have a less competitive position for its goods compared to other countries with lower prices. This often leads to higher imports and lower exports, thereby affecting the balance of payments negatively (possibly by causing trade deficits).

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Description

اختبر معرفتك في علم الاقتصاد من خلال مجموعة من عبارات True/False. يشمل هذا الاختبار مواضيع متنوعة مثل الاقتصاد الكينزي، والعقلانية في الاقتصاد، وأنظمة الاقتصاد. هل تستطيع التمييز بين التوجهات الاقتصادية المختلفة؟