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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is considered an 'Esas Özellik (Measurable Property)' of particles?
Which of the following is considered an 'Esas Özellik (Measurable Property)' of particles?
- Specific surface area
- Settling velocity
- Particle size (correct)
- Bulk density
A researcher is analyzing a powder sample. Which particle size range would be classified as a colloidal solution?
A researcher is analyzing a powder sample. Which particle size range would be classified as a colloidal solution?
- Greater than 1 mm
- Less than 1 nm
- 1 - 1000 nm (correct)
- Greater than 1000 nm
In particle technology, what distinguishes a suspension from a true solution and a colloidal solution?
In particle technology, what distinguishes a suspension from a true solution and a colloidal solution?
- Particle size and homogeneity (correct)
- Only particle size
- Electrical charge and stability
- Only homogeneity
When preparing a lab report, which of the following sections is expected to contain a discussion on the accuracy and precision of the measurements?
When preparing a lab report, which of the following sections is expected to contain a discussion on the accuracy and precision of the measurements?
Why is particle size considered an important characteristic to monitor throughout a mineral processing procedure?
Why is particle size considered an important characteristic to monitor throughout a mineral processing procedure?
Which particle shape descriptors is defined as the ratio of the length of Feret's diameter perpendicular to Feret's diameter divided by Feret's diameter?
Which particle shape descriptors is defined as the ratio of the length of Feret's diameter perpendicular to Feret's diameter divided by Feret's diameter?
What is indicated if a material settles quickly in a fluid?
What is indicated if a material settles quickly in a fluid?
What would be the best next step per Student Lab safety guidelines?
What would be the best next step per Student Lab safety guidelines?
A material consisting of solid particles is dispersed in a liquid, such as clay in water. What term BEST describes this type of system?
A material consisting of solid particles is dispersed in a liquid, such as clay in water. What term BEST describes this type of system?
Which method is most suitable for measuring the size of particles with a diameter of approximately 500 micrometers?
Which method is most suitable for measuring the size of particles with a diameter of approximately 500 micrometers?
The particle size of the powder used in a tablet formulation affects its dissolution rate. Which of the following methods is most likely used to determine the particle size distribution?
The particle size of the powder used in a tablet formulation affects its dissolution rate. Which of the following methods is most likely used to determine the particle size distribution?
A researcher is tasked with rapidly determining the particle size distribution of a large batch of granular material. Which method would be most appropriate?
A researcher is tasked with rapidly determining the particle size distribution of a large batch of granular material. Which method would be most appropriate?
Which is a valid application of particle technology in mining?
Which is a valid application of particle technology in mining?
What is 'Feret's diameter' used to measure?
What is 'Feret's diameter' used to measure?
What is the formula for sphericity?
What is the formula for sphericity?
If all other factors are constant, how does increased viscosity affect the settling velocity of particles in a fluid?
If all other factors are constant, how does increased viscosity affect the settling velocity of particles in a fluid?
In the context of sampling and particle size determination, what does 'representative sampling' ensure?
In the context of sampling and particle size determination, what does 'representative sampling' ensure?
Which type of system is most likely described by the following: 'Toz, duman'?
Which type of system is most likely described by the following: 'Toz, duman'?
In comminution, how does Liberation Step enable Separation Step?
In comminution, how does Liberation Step enable Separation Step?
During a particle size analysis using sieving, a student observes that a significant portion of the sample is retained on the finest sieve. What does this indicate?
During a particle size analysis using sieving, a student observes that a significant portion of the sample is retained on the finest sieve. What does this indicate?
For irregularly shaped particles, which of the following statements best describes the statistical diameters?
For irregularly shaped particles, which of the following statements best describes the statistical diameters?
What is the primary purpose of a 'technical visit'?
What is the primary purpose of a 'technical visit'?
In the context of particle technology, what is the 'liberation size'?
In the context of particle technology, what is the 'liberation size'?
When is the 'ARA TATIL' period for the Tanecik Teknolojisi(Particle Technology) course?
When is the 'ARA TATIL' period for the Tanecik Teknolojisi(Particle Technology) course?
If a sample of particles is described as having a high 'aspect ratio', what can be inferred about the particle's shape?
If a sample of particles is described as having a high 'aspect ratio', what can be inferred about the particle's shape?
Which expression is correctly describing the relationship between elek capi and Stokes'a cap?
Which expression is correctly describing the relationship between elek capi and Stokes'a cap?
Which factor has the highest impact on processes that require the suspension of solid particles in a liquid?
Which factor has the highest impact on processes that require the suspension of solid particles in a liquid?
What is one factor that students must keep in mind when at the lab?
What is one factor that students must keep in mind when at the lab?
A research team is investigating the suitability of a novel material for use in a catalytic converter. Which particle properties are most critical for this application?
A research team is investigating the suitability of a novel material for use in a catalytic converter. Which particle properties are most critical for this application?
A food scientist is studying the texture of a powdered milk product. Which particle characteristic most directly influences the product's flowability and dispersibility?
A food scientist is studying the texture of a powdered milk product. Which particle characteristic most directly influences the product's flowability and dispersibility?
During the Tanecik Teknolojisi course, students are required to prepare a presentation on their homework. When will students do this?
During the Tanecik Teknolojisi course, students are required to prepare a presentation on their homework. When will students do this?
In ore refinement, what happens during Size Reduction?
In ore refinement, what happens during Size Reduction?
Which of the following is an example of a system where gas is dispersed in a liquid?
Which of the following is an example of a system where gas is dispersed in a liquid?
Which are the responsibilities of students that attend lab experiments?
Which are the responsibilities of students that attend lab experiments?
In a research context, can particle size and particle shape be used interchangeably?
In a research context, can particle size and particle shape be used interchangeably?
Which device would be most helpful to determine the shape factor of a material?
Which device would be most helpful to determine the shape factor of a material?
During sedimentasyon, what is assumed when calculating average particle size?
During sedimentasyon, what is assumed when calculating average particle size?
In Tanecik Teknolojisi (Particle Technology), which topic does one NOT need to include in their homework?
In Tanecik Teknolojisi (Particle Technology), which topic does one NOT need to include in their homework?
Which of the following is NOT a valid categorization of particle sizes?
Which of the following is NOT a valid categorization of particle sizes?
Which concept aims to categorize the different sizes of particles?
Which concept aims to categorize the different sizes of particles?
Flashcards
Parça Sistemi
Parça Sistemi
A solid, liquid, or gas in which small pieces of another material are dispersed.
Parça Boyutuna Göre Sınıflandırma
Parça Boyutuna Göre Sınıflandırma
A way to group particles by their size, such as true solutions, colloidal solutions, and suspensions.
Tane Boyutu
Tane Boyutu
The range of dimensions of individual particles in a collection.
Stokes Çapı
Stokes Çapı
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Mikron
Mikron
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Martin Çapı
Martin Çapı
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Feret Çapı
Feret Çapı
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Elek Çapı
Elek Çapı
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Tanecik Özellikleri
Tanecik Özellikleri
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Parça Boyutunun Önemi
Parça Boyutunun Önemi
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Study Notes
- Tanecik Teknolojisi is the study of particle Science
- Presented by Prof. Dr. Gülay BULUT and Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Ş. Beste AYDIN
- At İTÜ; Maden Fak. Cevher Hazırlama Müh. Bölümü
- For the 2024-2025 Spring Term
Course Schedule
- Spring Semester runs from February 17 to May 30
- Final Exams held between June 10-23
- Classes are on Tuesdays from 08:30 to 12:30
Key Topics
- Introduction to particulate materials
- Average particle sizes in particulate materials
- Shape factor and determination
- Density, bulk density, and determination of bulk weight
- Evaluation of size measurements and measurement methods
- Frequency distribution-histogram, normal distribution, log normal distribution
- Surface properties and specific surface area of particulate material
- Motion of solid particles in fluid medium and measurement methods based on hydrodynamic similarities
- Behavior of solid particles in fluid medium in ore dressing applications
Laboratory Applications
- Includes shape factor determination
- Image analysis
- Specific surface area and size analysis
- Sieve and Malvern devices
- Determination of bulk and true density plus settling/Andreasan pipette methods
Assessment
- Year-end exam: 50%
- Year-round activities: 50%
- Two short exams: 5% each
- Year-round exam: 10%
- Lab application: 20%
- Term project-homework: 10%
Homework
- Homework assignments are compulsory
- Topics are distributed to students on February 25
- Assignments should be 10-20 pages long, submitted to Prof. Dr. Gülay BULUT by May 27, 2025
- Students do a 20-25 minute PowerPoint presentation on the same day
Homework Topics
- Fritsch particle size measuring device
- Image analysis device and size distribution functions
- Surface properties and measurement methods of particulate material (SH+LIN+BET)
- Specific weight and measurement methods (TSE, reserve, and bulk-oriented measurements)
- Grain size measurement methods
- Importance and measurement methods of shape factor in particulate material
- Screening and distribution functions (GGS and RRB)
- Applications of solid particles in fluid in ore enrichment processes
- Measurement methods of fluid-borne fine-sized particles (sedimentation, Andreasen pipette, etc.)
- Segregation events encountered in particulate material
- Standards used in particle technology
- Importance of particulate materials in terms of human health
- Pore, porosity, measurement methods
- Comparison of particle measurement methods
- Nanotechnology in ore preparation
- Importance of particle properties in ore preparation
Lab Rules
- Halide Dursun is responsible for the practical studies of the Particle Technology course
- Each application is carried out in laboratories of the Ore Dressing Engineering department
- Attending lab sessions is compulsory, lab coats must be worn
- Eating, smoking and drinking is prohibited
- Attendee's must ensure equipment is cleaned under supervision
- Individual reports must be prepared for each practical, to be submitted to experiment supervisors by specified dates
- Each student is entitled to only one make-up experiment
Report Writing
- Introduction
- Experiment related info
- Experimental studies including apparatus, method, procedure, results, and discussion
- General results
- References
Technical Visit
- There are plans for a 1-day technical trip to the Eczacıbaşı-Esan research center in Gebze
Topic: Particle Technology General Definitions, Particle Size
- Focuses on the dynamics, shape, size distributions, and measurement.
- Discusses surface area, sludge, slurry, and transport in fluid mechanics.
- Covers fine grinding and sampling, with importance of grain properties in transport, storage, sizing, enrichment, and waste
- Explores particle vs. granular material, system, the definition, and characterization
Definitions
- Particle
- Grain
- Particulate Material
- Particulate System
- Particulate Material Properties
Particulate System and Phase
- Solid can exist in solid-liquid-gas
- Liquid can exist in solid-liquid-gas
- Gas can exist in solid-liquid
Examples by Dispersed Phase
- Solid in solid: Granular like ores
- Solid in liquid: Suspension
- Solid in gas: Dust
- Liquid in solid: Not provided
- Liquid in liquid: Emulsions of water and oil
- Liquid in gas: mist/fog
- Gas in solid: Closed pores
- Gas in Liquid: Air bubbles
Examples Using an Alternative Approach
- Liquid as the dispersing medium: dyes and liquid gold
- Liquid as the dispersed phase: milk
- Liquid as the medium when gas is dispersed: whipped cream
- Solid is medium with dispersed solids: alloys
- Solids as dispersing medium and liquid dispersed: jellies
- Solids as dispersing medium with a dispersed gas: volcanic rock
- Gas as a medium with dispersed solid: dust
- Gas as a medium with a dispersed liquids: clouds
Particle Size Classification
- Particle size is categorized based on dimensions relative to true solutions, colloidal solutions, and suspensions
- True solutions feature particles less than 10⁻⁷ cm
- Colloidal solutions involves particles between 10⁻⁷ cm and 10⁻⁵ cm
- Suspensions consist of particles larger than 10⁻⁵ cm
Classifying solutions by particle size
- True solutions have particle sizes under 1 nm
- Colloidal solutions range from 1 to 1000 nm
- Suspensions exceeding 1000 nm
Mixtures
- True solutions are homogenous, and colloidal and suspensions are heterogenous
Filterability
- True solutions pass rapidly through filter paper
- Colloidal solutions pass through filter paper but not parchment paper
- Suspensions cannot pass through either type of paper
Visibility
- Particles in true and colloidal solutions are imperceptible without advanced microscopes
- Suspension particles are visible to the naked eye
Appearance
- True solutions are transparent
- Colloidal are semi-transparent
- Suspensions are matte
Granularity
- Ranges from atomic to macroscopic
- Atomic particles such as atoms, molecules
- Macroscopic examples include sand and crushed rock
Particle Size in Microns
- Fine sand ranges from 20-200
- Hair has a diameter of 100
- Clouds have 30
- Red blood cells are 8
- Clay is less than 2
- Cigarette smoke is less than 2
- Bacteria ranges from 0.2-40
- Viruses are less than 0.5
- Silt is between 2-20
Particle Shape
- Size include large and small
- Shape include round and flat
- Surface properties include Smooth and rough
Particle Properties
- Essential properties are measurable
- Secondary properties are calculated
Essential Measurable Properties
- Includes size, shape, composition, structure
Secondary Calculated Properties
- Includes settling velocity, bulk density and specific surface area
Particle (Grain) Size
- Various diameters are measured, and include:
- Stokes or settling diameter
- Surface to Volume
- Sieve
- Projected area
- Feret
- Volume Diameter.
Particle Size in Ore Treatment has importance in
- Choosing the right method and equipment
- Monitoring equipment performance
- Meeting market conditions
- Ensuring safety for workers and environment
Tane Boyutunun Önemi
Particle types and measurement
- Regular shapes have easily measured dimensions
- Irregular shapes are measured with three group dimensions as per(Svarovsky, 1977):
- Equivalent sphere
- Equivalent circle
- Statistical diameters
Sphere Diameters
- Includes calculation of volume, surface area and combined surface area
- Can also measure Stokes, Newton or Drag effect
Stokes’ Diameter
- This is a measure or a particles behavior when in a fluid
Equivalent Circle Diameters Include
- Projected Area
- Circumference
Statistical Diameters Include
- Martin
- Feret
Key Measurements Related to Particle Shape
- Feret Average
- Length and width
- Aspect ration
- Orientation
- Form factore and perimeter
- Projected area and perimeter
Diameter Conversion
- Conversions between different diameters are possible using conversion factors
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