Tabla Periódica: Elementos, Grupos y Períodos

Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements arranged according to their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. This structure shows the relationship between different elements and their physical and chemical properties. It was first introduced by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869. As of 2023, there are 118 confirmed elements on the periodic table. The periodic table can be divided into several groups and periods based on the electron configuration of the atoms:

Groups

There are seventeen groups within the periodic table, which include metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and noble gases. Group 1 consists of alkali metals (excluding hydrogen), while group 2 contains alkaline earth metals.

Periods

There are seven periods within the periodic table, starting from period 1 which consists of hydrogen and ending with period 7 containing elements such as nobium (Nb), technetium (Tc), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), and seaborgium (Sg).

Alkali Metals

Alkali metals are a group of elements in Group 1 of the periodic table. They are highly reactive and have one valence electron in their outermost energy level. The alkali metals are lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). These elements are soft, silvery-white metals that react violently and explosively with water. They are also highly reactive with chlorine, forming hydrochloric acid.

Halogens

Halogens are a group of elements in Group 17 of the periodic table. They are highly reactive nonmetals that are the most electronegative elements. The halogens are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), tennessine (Ts), and oganesson (Og). These elements are also known as the noble gases. They are highly reactive and are found in nature as diatomic molecules. They have six electrons in their outermost energy level.

In summary, the periodic table is a valuable tool for understanding the properties and relationships between different chemical elements. It is divided into groups and periods based on the electron configuration of the atoms, with alkali metals and halogens being key groups within the table.