Podcast
Questions and Answers
ما هي العوامل التي قد تؤدي إلى الإعاقة العقلية؟
ما هي العوامل التي قد تؤدي إلى الإعاقة العقلية؟
الإعاقة العقلية يمكن أن تؤثر فقط على القدرات الأكاديمية.
الإعاقة العقلية يمكن أن تؤثر فقط على القدرات الأكاديمية.
False
ما هو الحد الأدنى لمعدل الذكاء الذي يشير إلى الإعاقة العقلية؟
ما هو الحد الأدنى لمعدل الذكاء الذي يشير إلى الإعاقة العقلية؟
70-75
يتمثل المصدر الأساسي للإعاقة العقلية في نقص __________ و __________.
يتمثل المصدر الأساسي للإعاقة العقلية في نقص __________ و __________.
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طابق بين علامات الإعاقة العقلية وشرحها:
طابق بين علامات الإعاقة العقلية وشرحها:
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أي مما يلي يعد من أدوات الوقاية ضد الإعاقات العقلية؟
أي مما يلي يعد من أدوات الوقاية ضد الإعاقات العقلية؟
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توجد خدمات التعليم الخاص للأطفال ذوي الإعاقات العقلية.
توجد خدمات التعليم الخاص للأطفال ذوي الإعاقات العقلية.
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ما هو دور الفوليك أسيد في الوقاية من الإعاقات العقلية؟
ما هو دور الفوليك أسيد في الوقاية من الإعاقات العقلية؟
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الإعاقة العقلية تُعرّف بأنها الأداء العقلي __________ وكفاءات __________.
الإعاقة العقلية تُعرّف بأنها الأداء العقلي __________ وكفاءات __________.
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ما هي إحدى المهارات التي تُعتبر مهارة تكييف ضرورية؟
ما هي إحدى المهارات التي تُعتبر مهارة تكييف ضرورية؟
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Study Notes
Intellectual Disability Definition
- Characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors.
- Impacts social and practical skills.
- Begins before the age of 18.
- Individuals may learn and develop more slowly than typical children.
- Challenges may arise in communication, self-care, and social skills.
Causes of Intellectual Disability
- Genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome).
- Problems during pregnancy (e.g., infections, alcohol use).
- Birth complications (e.g., lack of oxygen).
- Health problems (diseases, malnutrition, exposure to toxins).
- Poverty and cultural deprivation.
Prevention of Intellectual Disabilities
- Advances in newborn screenings (PKU, hypothyroidism).
- Immunizations (e.g., Hib, measles).
- Prenatal care (e.g., folic acid supplementation).
Signs of Intellectual Disability
- Delayed developmental milestones (sitting, crawling, walking).
- Difficulty with communication, memory, and understanding social rules.
- Challenges with problem-solving, logical thinking, and understanding consequences.
Diagnosis of Intellectual Disabilities
- Based on intellectual functioning (IQ) and adaptive behaviors (daily living, communication, social interaction).
Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior
- IQ measured using tests; scores below 70-75 suggest intellectual disability.
- Adaptive behavior assessed by comparing a child's abilities to same-aged peers in areas like self-care, communication, and social skills.
Definition under IDEA
- Intellectual disability, defined as significantly below-average intellectual functioning coupled with deficits in adaptive behavior, negatively impacting educational performance (per IDEA).
Special Education Services
- Early intervention, special education, and transition planning are available to children with intellectual disabilities to assist in skill development.
Adaptive Skills and Necessary Support
- Adaptive skills include communication, personal care, home living, social skills, and basic academic skills.
- Support needs vary due to cognitive ability, environment, and presence of other developmental disabilities.
Mild Intellectual Disability
- Individuals (IQ 50-70) can learn basic reading and writing.
- Can contribute to family and community life.
- May need support in managing finances, organizing life and maintaining relationships.
Moderate Intellectual Disability
- Individuals (IQ 35-50) can form relationships and learn basic tasks with training.
- May require ongoing support in daily living, personal care, and financial matters.
Severe/Profound Intellectual Disability
- Individuals (IQ <20-35) require lifelong assistance with personal care, communication, accessibility to services.
- May rely on gestures and visual aids for communication.
Strategies for Service Providers
- Emphasize individual strengths, create opportunities for success, and break tasks into smaller steps.
- Engage the family in goal setting.
- Understanding intellectual disability to better assist and support individuals.
Employment Accommodations: Application Process
- Provide accommodations like reading or interpreting application materials, modifying tests, and conducting expanded interviews.
Employment Accommodations for Successful Employment
- Job restructuring (e.g., adjusting tasks).
- Additional training (e.g., color-coding).
- Implementing job coaching and modified work schedules.
Job Coach and Modified Work Schedule
- Job coaches provide training and support for better job stabilization.
- Modified work schedules accommodate personal needs (counseling, etc.).
Employment Accommodations: Helping Employees with Disabilities
- Employers can offer support in job evaluations, and adjust workstations to minimize distractions.
Vision and Intellectual Disability
- Adults with intellectual disabilities, particularly those with Down syndrome, have a higher risk of ocular disorders.
- Regular vision screenings are crucial, starting at age 30, for early detection.
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Description
يشمل هذا الاختبار معلومات حول تعريف الإعاقة الفكرية، وأسبابها، وعلاماتها. تسلط الأسئلة الضوء على التأثيرات الاجتماعية والعملية التي تواجه الأفراد ذوي الإعاقة الفكرية. كما يتناول الاختبار بعض سبل الوقاية والحد من هذه الإعاقة.
