Untitled Quiz

A rapid change in neuron's membrane voltage, from negative to positive, caused by ion flow.

A temporary change in a neuron's membrane potential at a synapse, as a result of neurotransmitters.

PSPs last tens or hundreds of milliseconds, longer than action potentials.

Electroencephalography, a technique that measures brain activity through electrical signals.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, a technique to visualize brain activity by measuring blood flow.

A technique that records electrical activity from the brain's surface using electrodes.

Intracranial EEG, a technique that measures brain electrical activity from inside the brain using electrodes.

A technique to measure both electrical and blood flow brain activity simultaneously.

Materials strongly attracted to magnetic fields, posing safety risks in MRI due to potential for pulling into the magnet.

Substances, like gadolinium, used as contrast agents in MRI, altering relaxation times of nearby protons to enhance image contrast.

Materials slightly repelled by magnetic fields; pose no safety risk in MRI.

Simultaneously recording EEG (brainwaves) and fMRI (brain activity) is challenging due to the strong and rapidly changing magnetic fields in an MRI machine, which can interfere with EEG recordings.

Protect the scalp from direct contact with the electrode and employ RF shielding to reduce interference within the magnetic environment.

The internal space of an MRI machine. It presents a challenging environment for EEG recording due to strong magnetic fields(static and variable).

Deoxyhemoglobin has unpaired electrons, exhibiting paramagnetic properties. This is important in MRI contrast.

High-frequency electromagnetic energy emitted during MRI scanning, which can affect sensors used to measure brain activity.

A property where a material is weakly attracted to a magnetic field due to unpaired electrons.

A property where a material is weakly repelled by a magnetic field.

A substance used in MRI to enhance the contrast of images by altering the relaxation times of nearby protons.

A paramagnetic element used as a contrast agent in MRI.

The form of hemoglobin without bound oxygen is paramagnetic, making it attracted to magnetic fields.

When hemoglobin binds oxygen, it becomes diamagnetic, meaning it is weakly repelled by magnetic fields.

A special EEG cap designed to be safe to use during MRI scans.

Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to magnetic fields. They pose a safety risk in MRI as they can be pulled into the magnet.

When hemoglobin binds oxygen, it becomes less attracted to magnetic fields (diamagnetic). This is significant for understanding MRI signals.

Ferromagnetic materials (like iron) can be dangerous in MRI because they are strongly attracted to the magnetic field, potentially causing injury.

Paramagnetic substances, like gadolinium, are used as contrast agents in MRI to enhance the contrast of images by altering the relaxation times of nearby protons.

MRI machines are designed to minimize the presence of ferromagnetic materials to ensure patient safety and equipment integrity.

Most biological tissues are weakly diamagnetic, meaning they are slightly repelled by magnetic fields. This makes them safe for MRI.

A distortion in EEG recordings caused by magnetic field gradients in the fMRI scanner.

Techniques that estimate and remove the artifact based on its repetitive pattern, assuming it's time-locked to the fMRI imaging sequence.

A method that identifies and separates different signal sources in the EEG data, including artifacts.

Prominent brainwave pattern (8-12 Hz) observed in EEG during relaxed wakefulness, decreasing during mental effort or sleep.

Alpha rhythm is a potential indicator of low cortical activity, possibly originating in the thalamus.

Brainwave patterns in EEG that are time-locked to specific events or stimuli, reflecting brain responses.

EEG alpha activity can be used as a marker of brain state (e.g., relaxation) in conjunction with fMRI, providing insights into brain function.

A positive-going event-related potential (ERP) occurring around 300 milliseconds after a stimulus, associated with cognitive processes like memory updating and classification.

The strength or intensity of the P300 wave, reflecting the level of cognitive resources allocated to a stimulus.

The time delay between the stimulus and the peak of the P300 wave, reflecting the speed of cognitive processing.

Schizophrenia is characterized by a reduction in P300 amplitude and an increase in P300 latency, suggesting impairments in cognitive processing.

Patients with bipolar disorder show reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged P300 latency, similar to schizophrenia but with less pronounced early auditory processing deficits.

Caffeine enhances cognitive processing by potentially reducing the demand on attention resources and allocating more resources for task performance.

P300 latency is inversely related to cognitive speed, with shorter latencies indicating faster and more efficient processing.

P300 amplitude increases when more cognitive resources are required to process a stimulus, reflecting the mental effort involved.