Untitled Quiz

Dialysis

• Dialysis is a process using osmosis and diffusion to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
• It removes metabolic wastes and toxins.

Diffusion

• Diffusion is the movement of ions from a high concentration area to a lower concentration area through a semi-permeable membrane.

Osmosis

• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.

Peritoneal Dialysis

• In peritoneal dialysis, a sterile dialysate solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity.
• This solution remains in the cavity for a set time, then drained.
• The peritoneum acts as a semi-permeable membrane for osmosis and diffusion.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

• CAPD is a type of peritoneal dialysis where the client infuses and drains the dialysate solution throughout the day.
• Fluids are infused for 500-1000ml every 4 hours, allowing the patient to maintain normal activities.

Major Complications of CAPD

• Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum)
• Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• Dehydration
• Catheter sepsis
• Abdominal pain and tenderness
• Organ trauma
• Hemorrhage

Hemodialysis

• Hemodialysis uses a machine with semi-permeable membranes and dialysate solution to remove the client's waste products.
• Client's blood is passed through the machine to filter out wastes, and then returned to the body.

Nursing Measures in Dialysis

• Hemodialysis: Observe for breaks or kinks in membranes to prevent hemorrhage, monitor the dialysate solution, fluid rate, and pressure. Provide shunt care (keep area clean and sterile, monitor patency). Avoid trauma to the extremity with the shunt (no blood draws, intramuscular/ intravenous medications).

• Peritoneal Dialysis: Monitor client's urine output before inserting catheter, warm the dialysate solution, allow 2 liters of dialysate to flow into peritoneal cavity, and keep accurate intake and output records.

Triage

• Triage is a system for classifying patients according to the severity of their condition and need for care.
• It is used to prioritize patients in emergency situations.
• There are different levels of severity, with higher priority conditions requiring immediate attention.