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Questions and Answers

What is dialysis?

Dialysis is a process that uses osmosis and diffusion to restore fluid and electrolyte balance, remove toxic substances, and eliminate metabolic wastes.

What are the two main types of dialysis?

The two main types of dialysis are peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

What is peritoneal dialysis?

Peritoneal dialysis uses the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.

What is continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)?

<p>CAPD is a form of peritoneal dialysis where the patient infuses a prescribed amount of dialysate into their peritoneal cavity and then drains it out four times a day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of CAPD?

<p>Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing measure in hemodialysis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ acts as the semipermeable membrane for osmosis and diffusion during peritoneal dialysis.

<p>peritoneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of triage?

<p>Triage is a system used to sort patients into different levels of urgency based on the severity of their condition and the immediacy of their need for treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a system that classifies patients into 10 levels of urgency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which triage level has the highest priority?

<p>Emergent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assessment in emergency care?

<p>The primary assessment involves evaluating the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym START stand for in triage?

<p>Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The JUMPSTART triage system is designed for adults only.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the RED tag in pediatric triage?

<p>The RED tag in pediatric triage indicates a critical condition requiring immediate attention and intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dialysis

A process using osmosis and diffusion to restore fluid and electrolyte balance, removing toxic substances and metabolic wastes.

Diffusion

The passage of ions from a high concentration area to a low concentration area across a semipermeable membrane.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one.

Peritoneal Dialysis

A method of dialysis using the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane.

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Peritoneum

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity, acting as a semipermeable membrane for osmosis and diffusion in peritoneal dialysis.

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CAPD

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; a variation of peritoneal dialysis where the client infuses and drains dialysate.

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Dialysate

A sterile electrolyte solution used in dialysis to cleanse the blood.

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Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum, a common complication of peritoneal dialysis.

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Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

An abnormal balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body caused during peritoneal dialysis.

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Hemodialysis

A method of dialysis that uses a machine with semipermeable membranes to filter the blood.

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Shunt

A connection between an artery and a vein used in hemodialysis.

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Triage

Classifying patients according to their need for care and establishing priorities.

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Emergent

The highest priority in triage, needing immediate care.

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Urgent

Requiring care within a certain time frame.

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Non-urgent

Requiring care within several hours.

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ESI

Emergency Severity Index, a 5-level triage system that classifies patients based on acuity and resource needs.

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Triange Level 1

Requires immediate life saving interventions.

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Triange Level 2

Conditions requiring care within 15 minutes.

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Triange Level 3

Conditions requiring care and assessment within 30 minutes.

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Triange Level 4

Conditions that need assessment and care within one hour.

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Triange Level 5

Conditions requiring care within 2 hours.

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Study Notes

Dialysis

  • Dialysis is a process using osmosis and diffusion to restore fluid and electrolyte balance.
  • It removes metabolic wastes and toxins.

Diffusion

  • Diffusion is the movement of ions from a high concentration area to a lower concentration area through a semi-permeable membrane.

Osmosis

  • Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a semi-permeable membrane.

Peritoneal Dialysis

  • In peritoneal dialysis, a sterile dialysate solution is infused into the peritoneal cavity.
  • This solution remains in the cavity for a set time, then drained.
  • The peritoneum acts as a semi-permeable membrane for osmosis and diffusion.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

  • CAPD is a type of peritoneal dialysis where the client infuses and drains the dialysate solution throughout the day.
  • Fluids are infused for 500-1000ml every 4 hours, allowing the patient to maintain normal activities.

Major Complications of CAPD

  • Peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum)
  • Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
  • Dehydration
  • Catheter sepsis
  • Abdominal pain and tenderness
  • Organ trauma
  • Hemorrhage

Hemodialysis

  • Hemodialysis uses a machine with semi-permeable membranes and dialysate solution to remove the client's waste products.
  • Client's blood is passed through the machine to filter out wastes, and then returned to the body.

Nursing Measures in Dialysis

  • Hemodialysis: Observe for breaks or kinks in membranes to prevent hemorrhage, monitor the dialysate solution, fluid rate, and pressure. Provide shunt care (keep area clean and sterile, monitor patency). Avoid trauma to the extremity with the shunt (no blood draws, intramuscular/ intravenous medications).

  • Peritoneal Dialysis: Monitor client's urine output before inserting catheter, warm the dialysate solution, allow 2 liters of dialysate to flow into peritoneal cavity, and keep accurate intake and output records.

Triage

  • Triage is a system for classifying patients according to the severity of their condition and need for care.
  • It is used to prioritize patients in emergency situations.
  • There are different levels of severity, with higher priority conditions requiring immediate attention.

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