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Questions and Answers
Which of these suspending agents are mentioned? (Select all that apply)
Which of these suspending agents are mentioned? (Select all that apply)
What is the pediatric dose of captopril for a patient weighing 10 kg?
What is the pediatric dose of captopril for a patient weighing 10 kg?
2 mg
The pediatric dose of captopril is available in 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg tablets.
The pediatric dose of captopril is available in 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg tablets.
True
What should always be added to the label of a suspension?
What should always be added to the label of a suspension?
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What is a solute?
What is a solute?
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What is an occlusive base used for?
What is an occlusive base used for?
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What does an emollient base do?
What does an emollient base do?
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What is a base ingredient?
What is a base ingredient?
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What is a solvent?
What is a solvent?
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What is Syrup NF?
What is Syrup NF?
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What do Good Compounding Practices (GCP) ensure?
What do Good Compounding Practices (GCP) ensure?
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What is reimbursement in the context of compounded medications?
What is reimbursement in the context of compounded medications?
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Patient counseling by the pharmacist is optional after compounding a preparation.
Patient counseling by the pharmacist is optional after compounding a preparation.
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What is sterile compounding used for?
What is sterile compounding used for?
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What is the difference between beyond-use dates and expiration dates?
What is the difference between beyond-use dates and expiration dates?
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What do USP Chapter 795 and USP Chapter 797 standards focus on?
What do USP Chapter 795 and USP Chapter 797 standards focus on?
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What is required for making a compounded medication?
What is required for making a compounded medication?
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What is a prescription record?
What is a prescription record?
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What is the function of a Class III prescription balance?
What is the function of a Class III prescription balance?
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What instrument is used for transferring solid pharmaceutical ingredients?
What instrument is used for transferring solid pharmaceutical ingredients?
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What do additional materials in pulverization do?
What do additional materials in pulverization do?
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What defines pharmaceutical elegance?
What defines pharmaceutical elegance?
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What is anticipatory compounding?
What is anticipatory compounding?
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How should liquid volumes be measured accurately?
How should liquid volumes be measured accurately?
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What do hard lozenges contain?
What do hard lozenges contain?
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What can be used to blend or combine powders?
What can be used to blend or combine powders?
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Study Notes
Good Compounding Practices (GCP)
- Standards to ensure high-quality compounded preparations.
- Pharmacists are responsible for adhering to GCP.
- Compounding pharmacies need state and federal licenses, especially for controlled substances.
Reimbursement
- Compounded preparations often not covered by insurance, impacting profitability of independent pharmacies.
- Patient costs determined by pharmacist and technician time rather than ingredient costs.
- Preparation time for compounded medications typically ranges from 30 to 60 minutes.
Patient Counseling
- Pharmacists must counsel patients post-approval of compounded preparations.
- Essential to communicate proper medication usage, potential side effects, and storage conditions.
Sterile Compounding
- Involves techniques to produce medications free from microorganisms.
- Used for injections and ophthalmic solutions.
Nonsterile Compounding
- Techniques focus on producing capsules, tablets, ointments, and creams.
Beyond-Use Dates
- Compounded products have beyond-use dates, unlike manufactured products which have expiration dates.
Stability
- Refers to a product's ability to retain its properties post-preparation.
- Includes physical and chemical properties, as well as sterilization for sterile preparations.
USP Chapter 795 and 797
- USP sets standards for nonsterile (Chapter 795) and sterile (Chapter 797) compounding.
- Guidelines cover quality control, personnel training, and documentation.
Master Control Record
- Contains the formula for a compounded medication.
- Retrieved post-prescription for compounding.
Compounding Log
- Unique for each prescription, used to document calculations and specific equipment.
- Guides pharmacy technicians through the compounding process.
Prescription Record
- A computer-generated copy of the compounding log for future reference and refills.
Class III Prescription Balance
- Two-pan balance required in pharmacies for precise weighing (sensitivity of +/-6 mg).
- Used for small quantities (up to 120 g).
Counterbalance
- Used for larger quantities (up to 5 kg) with less sensitivity (-/+100 mg).
- Not suitable for prescription compounding.
Weighing Paper
- Protects balance pans from pharmaceutical ingredients.
- Typically, glassine paper is used.
Digital Electronic Analytical Balance
- Offers accuracy and ease of use, generally preferred in larger compounding labs.
Pharmaceutical Weights
- Made of polished brass, used with two-pan balances for precise measurements.
- Consist of both metric and apothecary weights.
Forceps
- Grasp small objects, like pharmaceutical weights, to prevent contamination.
Spatula
- Used for transferring and mixing solid pharmaceutical ingredients.
Compounding Slab
- Flat glass surface ideal for mixing compounds.
Mortar and Pestle
- Used for grinding and mixing ingredients; comes in various materials.
- Different types recommended for solid and liquid dosages.
Graduated Cylinder
- Used for accurate liquid measurement; available in conical and cylindrical types.
Beakers
- Used for measuring larger volumes of liquids but less precise than graduated cylinders.
Pipette
- Thin, calibrated tube for transferring small liquid volumes (<1.5 mL).
Comminution
- Process of reducing substances to fine particles.
Blending
- Combining two substances into a unified mixture.
Trituration
- Rubbing, grinding, or pulverizing to create fine particles.
Levigation
- Used to reduce particle size in ointments using a levigating agent.
Pulverization
- Reduces particle size using a volatile solvent.
Spatulation
- Combining substances using a spatula on a flat surface.
Sifting
- Process of blending powders through separation.
Measuring Liquid Volumes
- Use graduated cylinders that closely match the volume to improve measuring accuracy.
- Allow liquid clinging to settle before taking readings for precise measurement.
Anticipatory Compounding
- Preparation of excess medications is permissible under reasonable quantities with proper labeling.
Pharmaceutical Elegance
- Aesthetic quality of the compounded product.
Diluent Powder
- Inactive powder added to active drugs in tablet or capsule compounding.
Punch Method
- Technique for hand-filling capsules with powder.
Hard Lozenge
- Oral dosage form that dissolves in the mouth; used to increase compliance, especially in children.
Snap-Fit Design
- Design of capsules that ensures closure through interlocking grooves.
Filling Capsules
- Hard gelatin capsules come in sizes ranging from 000 (largest) to 5 (smallest) based on capacity.
Reconstitube
- Device designed for adding diluent to powdered medications and ensuring mixing to create oral solutions.
Suspensions
- Formed by dispersing active ingredients in liquids; may require a suspending agent to maintain stability.
Solute
- Active ingredient dissolved in a liquid to create a solution.
Occlusive Base
- Cream or ointment base that retains moisture in the skin.
Emollient Base
- Softens skin, often used in products like bath oils.
Base Ingredient
- Inert vehicle used as a delivery system for active ingredients.
Solvent
- Liquid used to dissolve an active ingredient in solutions.
Syrup NF
- Mixture of sugar and water, typically containing 85% sugar.
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