Immune Responses
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Questions and Answers

During the primary immune response, what is the first antibody detected in circulation?

  • IgE
  • IgM (correct)
  • IgG
  • IgA
  • Where does clonal diversity take place?

  • Thymus (correct)
  • Liver
  • Secondary lymphoid tissue
  • Spleen
  • Which cells predominate in early inflammatory responses and ingest bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris?

  • Monocytes
  • Neutrophils (correct)
  • B lymphocytes
  • Macrophages
  • What is the primary role of monocytes and macrophages in the immune response?

    <p>Phagocytosis of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the immune response?

    <p>Regulate the immune response to avoid attacking self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do memory T cells reside after being produced?

    <p>Secondary lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes as antigen-processing cells (APCs)?

    <p>Process and present antigens to naive lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates clonal selection in the immune response?

    <p>T and B cells interacting with an antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    <p>Continues to some degree throughout life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are formed in the blood and act as tissue phagocytic cells?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the group of glycoproteins that kill viruses and activate macrophages called?

    <p>Interferons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the natural antibiotic against bacteria that is produced by macrophages and neutrophils?

    <p>Lysozyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acids may be released by damaged cells?

    <p>Prostaglandins and leukotrienes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serum protein stimulates vascular dilation and permeability?

    <p>Kinins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme precursors undergo cascading chain reaction conversions when activated?

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term to signify a protein hormone that affects the function of cells lying near the cell of origin?

    <p>Cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural barriers are composed of tightly associated epithelial cells?

    <p>Skin and mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the small molecular weight particles secreted by epithelial cells known as?

    <p>Antimicrobial peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of granulocytes have visible granules and play a role in the immune response?

    <p>Basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of MHC I?

    <p>Present foreign antigens to cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of IgE?

    <p>Provide protection from large parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

    <p>Induce production of antibodies or T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

    <p>T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of superantigens (SAGs)?

    <p>Activates a large population of T-lymphocytes regardless of antigen specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody class is primarily found in body secretions and dominates the mucosal immune system?

    <p>IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of B lymphocytes?

    <p>Produce immunoglobulins (antibodies) by activating B cells and creating plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II?

    <p>Present foreign antigens to T helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components of adaptive (acquired) immunity?

    <p>Both B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of nonspecific inflammatory response?

    <p>Prevent and limit infection and further damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site?

    <p>Coagulation (clotting) system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kinin system?

    <p>Activating and assisting inflammatory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system can destroy pathogens directly and activates or collaborates with every other component of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mast cells cellular bags of, located in loose connective tissues close to blood vessels?

    <p>Histamine and chemotaxic factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of histamine on blood vessels?

    <p>Dilation of large blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main substance of the coagulation (clotting) system's fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site?

    <p>Fibrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plasma protein system functions to keep microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of greatest inflammatory cell activity?

    <p>Coagulation (clotting) system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dilation of blood vessels, pain, smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, and leukocyte chemotaxis?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does platelet-activating factor serve in relation to endothelial cells?

    <p>Inducing endothelial cell retraction to increase vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the H1 receptor, which is involved in inducing bronchoconstriction when stimulated, located?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells in the bronchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

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