T Cell Activation and Immune Response Quiz
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T Cell Activation and Immune Response Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes innate defenses in the immune system?

  • Defenses that include physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
  • Defenses that specifically target particular pathogens.
  • Nonspecific defenses that act against any type of pathogen. (correct)
  • Defenses involving antibodies and T cells.

    • What is the primary function of surface membrane barriers in the immune system?

  • To prevent the entry of pathogens into the body. (correct)
  • To produce antibodies against specific pathogens.
  • To regulate the body's temperature during infection.
  • To recognize and destroy infected cells.

    • Which internal defense mechanism is responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens?

  • Natural killer (NK) cells
  • Antimicrobial proteins
  • Inflammation
  • Phagocytes (correct)

    • What is the role of fever in the immune system's internal defenses?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is characterized by the production of antibodies by B cells?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes adaptive defenses from innate defenses in the immune system?

    <p>Adaptive defenses are specific and target particular pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells upon encountering antigens?

    <p>Active Humoral Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of most clone cells in clonal selection during the humoral immune response?

    <p>They become antibody-secreting plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody class is the most abundant and diverse, crosses the placenta, and confers passive immunity?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgE antibodies?

    <p>Bind to mast cells and basophils, causing histamine release when activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of immunity does immunological memory not occur?

    <p>Passive Humoral Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antibodies?

    <p>Binding specifically with antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the C region in antibodies?

    <p>Determining the class of the antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is used by antibodies against cellular antigens?

    <p>Complement fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in commercial use?

    <p>Providing passive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily helper T cells?

    <p>CD4 cells (T4 cells)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens are recognized by Class I MHC proteins?

    <p>Peptides from endogenous antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Class II MHC proteins found?

    <p>Mature B cells, some T cells, and antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity includes humoral and cellular immunity?

    <p>Adaptive (specific) defense system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the inflammatory response?

    <p>Tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an internal defense mechanism?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do interferons do?

    <p>Stimulate neighboring cells to activate antiviral proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do complement proteins do?

    <p>Provide a major mechanism for destroying foreign substances in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's response to invading microorganisms?

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is a key growth factor encouraging activated T cells to divide and is used therapeutically to enhance the body's defenses against cancer?

    <p>Interleukin 2 (IL-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells directly attack and kill virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells from transplants?

    <p>Cytotoxic T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?

    <p>Stimulating proliferation of other T cells and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to T cells without co-stimulation?

    <p>They become tolerant to antigens, unable to divide, and do not secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are co-stimulators of T cells and key mediators in cellular immunity?

    <p>Interleukin 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do suppressor T cells release cytokines for?

    <p>To suppress the activity of both T cells and B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between specific and non-specific immunity?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen challenge can bind to free antigens and mark them for destruction by specific or nonspecific mechanisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable regions of heavy and light chains in an antibody combine to form the antigen-binding site.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Immunological memory occurs in both naturally acquired and artificially acquired passive humoral immunity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies responding to different antigens have different V regions but the C region is the same for all antibodies in a given class.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complement fixation is the main mechanism used against extracellular antigens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monoclonal antibodies are pure antibody preparations specific for a single antigenic determinant, and are used only to provide active immunity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the adaptive defense system

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammatory response involves the shrinking of local blood vessels

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fever is always detrimental to the body's defense against invading microorganisms

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Activated T cells enlarge, proliferate, differentiate, and perform functions based on their T cell class.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IL-2, a key growth factor, encourages activated T cells to divide and is used therapeutically to enhance the body's defenses against cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Suppressor T cells release cytokines to suppress the activity of both T cells and B cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    T Cell Activation and Immune Responses

    • T cell activation requires recognition of co-stimulatory signals, such as B7 binding with the CD28 receptor.
    • Without co-stimulation, T cells become tolerant to antigens, unable to divide, and do not secrete cytokines.
    • Activated T cells enlarge, proliferate, differentiate, and perform functions based on their T cell class.
    • Cytokines, including interleukin 1 and 2, are co-stimulators of T cells and key mediators in cellular immunity.
    • IL-2, a key growth factor, encourages activated T cells to divide and is used therapeutically to enhance the body's defenses against cancer.
    • Various cytokines, such as perforin, lymphotoxin, and gamma interferon, amplify and regulate immune responses.
    • Helper T cells play a central role in the immune response by stimulating proliferation of other T cells and B cells.
    • Helper T cells interact directly with B cells and release cytokines that amplify nonspecific defenses.
    • Cytotoxic T cells directly attack and kill virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells from transplants.
    • Tc cells bind to self-antiself complexes on all body cells and destroy infected or abnormal cells in the presence of appropriate antigens and co-stimulatory stimuli.
    • Suppressor T cells release cytokines to suppress the activity of both T cells and B cells.
    • Different types of grafts and prevention of rejection, as well as immunodeficiencies such as SCID, Hodgkin's disease, and AIDS, are also discussed.

    T Cell Activation and Immune Responses

    • T cell activation requires recognition of co-stimulatory signals, such as B7 binding with the CD28 receptor.
    • Without co-stimulation, T cells become tolerant to antigens, unable to divide, and do not secrete cytokines.
    • Activated T cells enlarge, proliferate, differentiate, and perform functions based on their T cell class.
    • Cytokines, including interleukin 1 and 2, are co-stimulators of T cells and key mediators in cellular immunity.
    • IL-2, a key growth factor, encourages activated T cells to divide and is used therapeutically to enhance the body's defenses against cancer.
    • Various cytokines, such as perforin, lymphotoxin, and gamma interferon, amplify and regulate immune responses.
    • Helper T cells play a central role in the immune response by stimulating proliferation of other T cells and B cells.
    • Helper T cells interact directly with B cells and release cytokines that amplify nonspecific defenses.
    • Cytotoxic T cells directly attack and kill virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and foreign cells from transplants.
    • Tc cells bind to self-antiself complexes on all body cells and destroy infected or abnormal cells in the presence of appropriate antigens and co-stimulatory stimuli.
    • Suppressor T cells release cytokines to suppress the activity of both T cells and B cells.
    • Different types of grafts and prevention of rejection, as well as immunodeficiencies such as SCID, Hodgkin's disease, and AIDS, are also discussed.

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    Related Documents

    The Immune System.ppt

    Description

    Test your knowledge of T cell activation and immune responses with this quiz. Explore the role of co-stimulatory signals, cytokines, and the functions of different T cell classes in cellular immunity. Learn about the interactions of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and suppressor T cells in the immune response, as well as their involvement in conditions such as immunodeficiencies and prevention of graft rejection.

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