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What is the main purpose of self-verification according to the content?
What is the main purpose of self-verification according to the content?
Which motive is specifically suggested as a substitute for the self-esteem motive?
Which motive is specifically suggested as a substitute for the self-esteem motive?
What aspect is emphasized more strongly in the depersonalization process?
What aspect is emphasized more strongly in the depersonalization process?
In the context of group behavior, individuals act to match their behavior to what?
In the context of group behavior, individuals act to match their behavior to what?
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Which motive relates to the deliberate and self-regulated responses in social identity?
Which motive relates to the deliberate and self-regulated responses in social identity?
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What is needed to examine the efficacy of the various motives mentioned in the context?
What is needed to examine the efficacy of the various motives mentioned in the context?
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Which process is more strongly underscored in self-verification?
Which process is more strongly underscored in self-verification?
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What do people tend to do when their social identity is activated?
What do people tend to do when their social identity is activated?
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What do identity theorists emphasize about individuals in a group?
What do identity theorists emphasize about individuals in a group?
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between role identities and social identities?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between role identities and social identities?
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According to the content, which aspect of societal integration is linked to organic and mechanical forms?
According to the content, which aspect of societal integration is linked to organic and mechanical forms?
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Which statement about self-categorization is true in the context of group belongingness?
Which statement about self-categorization is true in the context of group belongingness?
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In the relationship between person identity and role identities, what is highlighted?
In the relationship between person identity and role identities, what is highlighted?
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What is one factor that informs the definitions of the roles of teacher and student?
What is one factor that informs the definitions of the roles of teacher and student?
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Which aspect of identity has been less examined by identity theorists according to the content?
Which aspect of identity has been less examined by identity theorists according to the content?
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What is the primary focus of the research by Hains, Hogg, and Duck in their 1997 study?
What is the primary focus of the research by Hains, Hogg, and Duck in their 1997 study?
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What is the main focus when establishing a general theory of the self?
What is the main focus when establishing a general theory of the self?
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Which of the following concepts is primarily discussed in Deaux's 1992a work?
Which of the following concepts is primarily discussed in Deaux's 1992a work?
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What theoretical framework is introduced in Higgins's 1989 study?
What theoretical framework is introduced in Higgins's 1989 study?
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Which study investigates the intersections of stereotyping and social influence?
Which study investigates the intersections of stereotyping and social influence?
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What links role identities and person identities according to Stets?
What links role identities and person identities according to Stets?
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In which publication can you find insights about in-group identification's impact on cohesion?
In which publication can you find insights about in-group identification's impact on cohesion?
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How does social identity theory define salience?
How does social identity theory define salience?
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What is the primary concern of Haslam et al. in their 1996 research?
What is the primary concern of Haslam et al. in their 1996 research?
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Who translated Durkheim's 'The Division of Labor' in 1984?
Who translated Durkheim's 'The Division of Labor' in 1984?
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According to the provided content, what can happen when there is a conflict between the meanings of role identities and person identities?
According to the provided content, what can happen when there is a conflict between the meanings of role identities and person identities?
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What is the implication of identity salience in identity theory according to Stryker?
What is the implication of identity salience in identity theory according to Stryker?
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Ellemers, Spears, and Doosje's 1997 study centers on which key aspect of social psychology?
Ellemers, Spears, and Doosje's 1997 study centers on which key aspect of social psychology?
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What role does control play in the link between a masculine gender identity and a mastery identity?
What role does control play in the link between a masculine gender identity and a mastery identity?
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What can be inferred about the relationship between social identity theory and identity theory based on probabilities?
What can be inferred about the relationship between social identity theory and identity theory based on probabilities?
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How might person identities influence behavior when role identities are under stress?
How might person identities influence behavior when role identities are under stress?
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What is necessary for both role and person identities according to the content provided?
What is necessary for both role and person identities according to the content provided?
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What does the concept of 'Prototypicality' relate to in group dynamics?
What does the concept of 'Prototypicality' relate to in group dynamics?
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In the context of social psychology, what is the purpose of joining groups according to Hogg et al.?
In the context of social psychology, what is the purpose of joining groups according to Hogg et al.?
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Which theory focuses on the relationship between identity salience and role performance?
Which theory focuses on the relationship between identity salience and role performance?
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What emotion is predicted in the context of parenting, according to Ellestad and Stets?
What emotion is predicted in the context of parenting, according to Ellestad and Stets?
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What aspect of group life is explored in the work of Spears and others?
What aspect of group life is explored in the work of Spears and others?
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What is the primary focus of the research conducted by Hogg and Mullin on identity theory?
What is the primary focus of the research conducted by Hogg and Mullin on identity theory?
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Which social psychological concept was discussed by Ellemers and van Knippenberg, particularly related to group processes?
Which social psychological concept was discussed by Ellemers and van Knippenberg, particularly related to group processes?
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What is the central theme of Hogg, Terry, and White's research in social psychology?
What is the central theme of Hogg, Terry, and White's research in social psychology?
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What strengthens a person's self-worth according to group dynamics?
What strengthens a person's self-worth according to group dynamics?
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What occurs when disturbances affect self-meanings and expectations?
What occurs when disturbances affect self-meanings and expectations?
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What is a primary focus when examining the salience of identity?
What is a primary focus when examining the salience of identity?
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What is one manifestation of self-verification?
What is one manifestation of self-verification?
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What does the process of self-verification link?
What does the process of self-verification link?
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Which theory posits similarities worth examining alongside identity theory?
Which theory posits similarities worth examining alongside identity theory?
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What is assumed about the identity activation according to the content?
What is assumed about the identity activation according to the content?
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What interplay is considered important to understand motivational processes?
What interplay is considered important to understand motivational processes?
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Study Notes
Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory
- Authors: Jan E. Stets and Peter J. Burke
- Source: Social Psychology Quarterly, September 2000, Volume 63, No. 3
- Pages: 224-237
- Published by: American Sociological Association
- Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2695870
Core Components of Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory
-
Basis of Identity:
- Social identity theory focuses on categories or groups
- Identity theory focuses on roles
-
Identity Salience & Activation:
- Both theories address how identities are activated and how salient they become in a given situation.
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Cognitive and Motivational Processes:
- Depersonalization refers to a psychological state where individuals perceive themselves as part of a collective group rather than as unique individuals, as discussed in social identity theory. This can lead to diminished personal identity and heightened conformity to group norms. In contrast, self-verification involves the desire to confirm one’s self-concept, as posited by identity theory, which includes seeking validation from others that aligns with one’s own self-views.
- Self-esteem, a key component of social identity theory, reflects an individual’s sense of self-worth influenced by their group affiliations, while self-efficacy, rooted in identity theory, pertains to one’s belief in their ability to achieve specific tasks or goals, thereby playing a critical role in motivation and achievement.
Concept of Identity
-
Reflexive self: Identities are constructed through various categories and classifications, which can encompass numerous aspects of an individual's life, such as race, gender, occupation, and culture. This illustrates the way individuals perceive themselves and relate to others within a social framework.
- Self-categorization (social identity theory): This theory posits that individuals classify themselves into social groups to develop a sense of belonging and to understand their social environment. By doing so, people enhance their self-esteem through their group affiliations, which group identity becomes increasingly salient in various contexts.
- Identification (identity theory): This concept emphasizes how individuals define themselves through their roles and relationships within specific groups, such as family, community, and professional settings. Identification plays a crucial role in shaping behavior and attitudes by fostering a deep connection to these social roles.
Bases of Identity
- Social Categorization (Similarity): In-group/out-group
- Role-Based Identity: Defined by societal expectations and norms. Involves negotiation of role behaviors across situations and interactions with counter-roles.
Activation of Identities and Identity Salience
- Activation: The process by which an identity becomes relevant in a given situation.
- Salience: The probability that an identity will be activated in a situation.
Cognitive and Motivational Processes
- Depersonalization: Seeing oneself as an embodiment of the group prototype (social identity).
- Self-verification: Acting to maintain consistency between behavior and identity standard.
- Motivation: Self-esteem, self-efficacy, self-consistency, self-regulation may drive identity activation. Focus has shifted from self-esteem to other motives.
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