Systems Development Lifecycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the design phase in system development?

  • Identifying business needs for building a system
  • Deciding on the system architecture and infrastructure (correct)
  • Presenting the system proposal to the project sponsor
  • Gathering requirements for the new system

    • What is the purpose of the system proposal?

  • To decide whether the project should move forward (correct)
  • To present the system design to the development team
  • To gather requirements for the new system
  • To identify the business need for building a system

    • What is the focus of the implementation phase?

  • Building and testing the system (correct)
  • Gathering requirements for the new system
  • Identifying business needs for building a system
  • Designing the system architecture and infrastructure

    • What is the purpose of the support plan in the implementation phase?

    <p>To review and identify changes needed for the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many steps are involved in the design phase?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the requirements gathering phase?

    <p>Developing a concept for the new system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many steps are involved in the implementation phase?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the start of the system development process?

    <p>The identification of a business need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a System Request document?

    <p>To describe the business reasons for building a system and the value it is expected to provide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who typically completes the System Request form?

    <p>The project sponsor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after submitting the System Request to the approval committee?

    <p>Conduct a feasibility analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a feasibility analysis help an organization determine?

    <p>Whether to proceed with a project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the business need element in a System Request?

    <p>To describe the business-related reason for initiating a system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the special issues category in a System Request?

    <p>To outline other information that should be considered in assessing the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger a need for a new IS project?

    <p>Identifying unique and competitive ways of using IT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Business Process Management (BPM)?

    <p>To continuously improve end-to-end business processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Business Process Automation (BPA)?

    <p>Using technology to complement or substitute manual processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the project sponsor?

    <p>To ensure the project aligns with business objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an intangible value in the context of an IS project?

    <p>An unmeasurable benefit, such as improved customer satisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of Business Process Reengineering (BPR)?

    <p>To fundamentally change the organization's operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the BPM process?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Business Process Improvement (BPI)?

    <p>Improving existing business processes using new technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to compare the present value of all cash inflows and outflows for a project?

    <p>Discounted cash flow technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate Return on Investment (ROI)?

    <p>ROI=(Total Benefits – Total Costs)/Total Costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of identifying costs and benefits in an economic feasibility analysis?

    <p>To assign specific dollar values to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of organizational feasibility analysis?

    <p>To assess how well the system will be accepted by its users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after identifying costs and benefits in an economic feasibility analysis?

    <p>Assign Values to Costs and Benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining cash flow in an economic feasibility analysis?

    <p>To show costs and benefits over a selected number of years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Net Present Value (NPV)?

    <p>The difference between the total PV of the benefits and the total PV of the costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four categories that costs and benefits can be broken down into?

    <p>Development costs, operational costs, tangible benefits, and intangible benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of organizational feasibility analysis?

    <p>Alignment of the project goals with business objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for the development of information systems?

    <p>System Analyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stakeholder analysis in organizational feasibility?

    <p>To identify and analyze the stakeholders involved in the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main question that organizational feasibility analysis seeks to answer?

    <p>If we build it, will they come?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four stages of the Systems Development Lifecycle?

    <p>Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Project Identification and Initiation?

    <p>To recognize a business need that can be satisfied through the use of information technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Systems Development Lifecycle

    • The Systems Development Lifecycle consists of four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation.

    Planning Stage

    • Involves studying the current system and its problems, and envisioning ways to design a new system.
    • Includes requirements gathering, where the analysis leads to the development of a concept for a new system.
    • The concept is used to build a set of analysis models.

    System Proposal

    • The proposal is presented to the project sponsor and other key individuals who decide whether the project should continue to move forward.

    Design Phase

    • Decides how the system will operate, in terms of the hardware, software, and network infrastructure.
    • Involves four steps:
      • Design Strategy: clarifies whether the system will be developed by the company or outside the company.
      • Architecture Design: describes the hardware, software, and network infrastructure that will be used.
      • Database and File Specifications: defines what and where the data will be stored.
      • Program Design: defines what programs need to be written and what they will do.

    Implementation Phase

    • The system is either developed or purchased (in the case of packaged software) and installed.
    • Is usually the longest and most expensive part of the process.
    • Involves three steps:
      • System Construction: the system is built and tested to make sure it performs as designed.
      • Installation: the old system is turned off and the new one is turned on.
      • Support Plan: includes a post-implementation review as well as a systematic way for identifying changes needed for the system.

    Project Identification and Initiation

    • A project is identified when someone in the organization identifies a business need to build a system.
    • A need may surface when an organization identifies unique and competitive ways of using IT.
    • To leverage the capabilities of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, RFID, Web 2.0.

    Business Process Management (BPM)

    • Many new IS projects grow out of BPM.
    • BPM is a methodology used by organizations to continuously improve end-to-end business processes.

    BPM Process

    • Defining and mapping the steps in a business process.
    • Creating ways to improve on the steps in the process that add value.
    • Finding ways to eliminate or consolidate steps in the process that do not add value.
    • Creating and adjusting electronic workflows to match the improved process maps.

    Project Sponsor

    • The project sponsor is a person (or group) who has an interest in the system’s success.
    • The project sponsor will work throughout the SDLC to make sure that the project is moving in the right direction from the perspective of the business.
    • The project sponsor serves as the primary point of contact for the project team.

    System Request

    • The document that describes the business reasons for building a system and the value that system is expected to provide.
    • Includes five elements:
      • Business need: the business-related reason for initiating the system.
      • Business requirements: the business capabilities that the system will need to have.
      • Business value: the benefits that the organization should expect from the system.
      • Special issues: a catchall category for other information that should be considered in assessing the project.

    Feasibility Analysis

    • Guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project.
    • Identifies the important risks associated with the project that must be managed if the project is approved.
    • Involves evaluating the project's worth using methods such as ROI, BEP, and NPV.

    Economic Feasibility Analysis

    • Identifies the costs and benefits of the project and assigns values to them.
    • Determines cash flow over time.
    • Assess the project's economic value using methods such as ROI, BEP, and NPV.

    Organizational Feasibility

    • Assesses how well the system ultimately will be accepted by its users and incorporated into the ongoing operations of the organization.
    • Involves understanding how well the goals of the project align with the business objectives and organizational strategies.
    • Conducts stakeholder analysis to assess the impact of the project on various stakeholders.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the Systems Development Lifecycle, including its four stages: Planning, Analysis, Design, and Implementation. Learn about the different stages and their roles in developing a new system.

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