Systems Analysis and Design Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of systems analysis?

  • To determine what the system should do to meet user needs (correct)
  • To create detailed requirement specifications
  • To identify the existing hardware requirements
  • To outline how the system components will interact

Which phase of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) involves gathering detailed user requirements?

  • Design
  • Planning
  • Analysis (correct)
  • Implementation

What does the logical design in the system design phase focus on?

  • Implementing hardware and software specifications
  • Outlining system functions without technology constraints (correct)
  • Configuring user interfaces and graphic layouts
  • Detailing system components and their interactions

In Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs), what does a circle represent?

<p>An action or function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the support and maintenance phase of the SDLC?

<p>Providing ongoing updates and troubleshooting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of the systems analysis process?

<p>Physical Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do arrows represent in Data Flow Diagrams?

<p>Data movements and their direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Implementation phase in SDLC?

<p>Conducting rigorous system testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Context Diagram in a Data Flow Diagram (DFD)?

<p>To show the system as a single process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

<p>Weekly sales report generator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Decision Support Systems (DSS) primarily assist with?

<p>Making informed decisions through data analysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Agile methodologies, what is a primary function of Kanban Boards?

<p>To visualize workflow and manage tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benefit is associated with Iterative Development?

<p>Incorporation of user feedback throughout the process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Lifelines in a System Sequence Diagram (SSD)?

<p>Representation of roles in an interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems?

<p>Ability to unify core business processes across departments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice is emphasized in Agile Methodologies for project management?

<p>Incremental work breakdown into sprints. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

<p>To provide clarity on task allocation and manage resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT typically found in a UML Class Diagram?

<p>Phases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves breaking down large project tasks into smaller ones?

<p>Decomposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk strategy used to manage project schedule risks?

<p>Adding buffer times. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which financial metric is used to assess the profitability of a project?

<p>Net Present Value (NPV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential best practice to reduce project failure risks?

<p>Engaging stakeholders early and communicating continuously. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In UML Class Diagrams, what term is used to describe the connections between classes?

<p>Associations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for analyzing risks in a project?

<p>Drafting Entity-Relationship Diagrams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Systems Analysis

Examining existing processes, finding inefficiencies, and defining how a new or improved system should function to meet user needs.

System Design

Developing detailed specifications on how system components interact to meet analysis requirements, including architectural and interface design.

SDLC

A process framework for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.

Information Gathering

Collecting data from interviews, observations, and document analysis to understand a system.

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Requirement Analysis

Defining the 'must-haves' and 'nice-to-haves' for a system.

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Logical Design

Outlining system functions without considering specific technology constraints.

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Physical Design

Detailing how the system will be implemented using specific hardware and software.

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Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

A visual representation of how data flows through a system, showing processes, data stores, and external entities.

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Process (DFD)

An action or function in a system, depicted as a circle in a DFD.

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Data Flow (DFD)

The movement of data in a system, shown as an arrow in a DFD.

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Data Store (DFD)

A place where data is stored, represented as an open rectangle in a DFD.

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External Entity (DFD)

A source or consumer of data, represented as a rectangle in a DFD.

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Context Diagram

The highest-level Data Flow Diagram (DFD) showing the system as a single process.

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Level 1 DFD

DFD that breaks down the main process into sub-processes in a DFD. It's a further breakdown after the context diagram.

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Transaction Processing System (TPS)

A system that manages and records daily business transactions. Example: Retail checkout system.

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Management Information System (MIS)

Uses TPS data to create reports for planning and decision-making. Example: Weekly sales reports.

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Decision Support System (DSS)

Analyzes data to give predictions and assist in decision-making. Example: Financial modeling.

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

An integrated system that unifies business processes across departments. Example: SAP, Oracle.

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Agile Methodologies

A flexible approach to software development, emphasizing iterative progress and change responsiveness. Examples: Scrum, Kanban.

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Iterative Development

A development method that builds a system in stages, improving features with each stage based on user feedback.

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System Sequence Diagram (SSD)

Visual diagram that shows the sequence of operations between system and users (actors).

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UML Class Diagrams

Visual representations showing class structure, attributes, and methods.

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

Hierarchical project task breakdown, organizing & assigning responsibilities.

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Detailed WBS

WBS for clarity in task allocation, scheduling, & resource management.

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Risk Management

Systematic process of identifying, analyzing, & responding to project risks.

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Cost-Benefit Analysis

Comparing project costs to anticipated benefits for justification.

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Project Failure Reason (Incomplete Requirements)

Unclear project direction due to missing or incomplete user needs.

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Project Success Best Practice

Clear documentation and constant stakeholder communication.

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Study Notes

Systems Analysis and Design

  • Systems Analysis: A thorough examination of existing processes to identify inefficiencies and define improvements; determining what a system should do to meet user needs.
  • Key Steps in Systems Analysis: Information gathering (interviews, observations, document analysis), requirement analysis (defining functional and non-functional needs), and creating documentation (detailed specifications).
  • Example: Analyzing an inventory management system in a retail store to identify bottlenecks and optimize stock control.
  • System Design: Creating detailed specifications on how the components of a system will interact to meet the requirements defined in analysis. Involves architectural design and interface design.
  • Key Steps in System Design: Logical design (system functions without technology constraints), physical design (implementation details using specific hardware and software), detailing database schemas.
  • Example: Designing a relational database schema for a system that handles customer orders and integrates with online payment.
  • System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): A framework for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system.
  • SDLC Phases: Planning (defining project objectives), Analysis (gathering detailed user needs), Design (system architecture and interfaces), Implementation (coding and rigorous testing), Support and Maintenance (updates and troubleshooting).

Visual Representations

  • Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs): Depict data flow through a system, showing processes, data stores, and external entities.
  • DFD Types: Context diagram (highest level overview), level 1 DFD (further breakdown of main processes).
  • Symbols: Processes (actions), data flows (movement), data stores (data storage), and external entities (inputs/outputs).
  • Example DFD: Shows data flow between customer, order processing, and inventory systems.
  • Use Case Diagrams: Illustrate interactions between users (actors) and the system.
  • Components: Actors (users), use cases (functional tasks), relationships (communication between actors and use cases).
  • Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs): Represent data entities, attributes, and relationships.
  • Components: Entities (objects/data), Attributes (characteristics of data), Relationships (connections between entities).

Types of Information Systems

  • Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): Manage daily transactions. Example: retail checkout system.
  • Management Information Systems (MIS): Reports based on TPS data for planning/decision-making. Example: weekly sales reports.
  • Decision Support Systems (DSS): Supports decision-making by analyzing data and providing predictive insights. Example: financial modeling software.
  • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): Unified core business processes across departments. Example: SAP, Oracle ERP.

Development Approaches

  • Agile Methodologies: Flexible and iterative approach to development emphasizing collaboration and responsiveness.
  • Agile Practices: Scrum (sprints, tasks, roles), Kanban (visual workflow management).
  • Iterative Development: Building a system incrementally with each iteration refining features based on user feedback.
  • Early Issue Detection: Early feedback allows for earlier identification of problems.
  • Feedback Integration: Incorporating user suggestions enhances product relevant.

Advanced Diagrams and Tools

  • System Sequence Diagrams (SSDs): Visualize sequence of operations between actors and system. Use lifelines and messages to track interactions.
  • UML Class Diagrams: Represent class structure in a system including attributes and methods. Show class components (name, attributes, operations) and associations between classes.
  • Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Hierarchical representation of project tasks; organizes and assigns responsibilities. Includes phases (analysis, design, etc.), tasks, and relationships.

Project Management

  • Detailed Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Breaks down projects into smaller and more manageable components. This increases clarity, resource management, and scheduling.
  • Techniques: Decomposition, task numbering.
  • Risk Management Strategies: Systematic identification, analysis, and response to project risks. Example: Technical risks, Schedule risks.
  • Comprehensive Cost-Benefit Analysis: Comparing project costs to anticipated benefits using metrics like Net Present Value (NPV) and Return on Investment (ROI).
  • Common Reasons for Project Failure: Incomplete requirements, unclear direction; solutions include clear documentation and stakeholder involvement.
  • Best Practices for Success: Clear documentation, regular stakeholder involvement.

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Systems Analysis and Design PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential concepts in systems analysis and design, including key steps, methodologies, and examples in the context of analyzing and designing systems. It explores how to gather information and define requirements to create effective specifications for system improvement.

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