Podcast
Questions and Answers
A systematic review's purpose is always specific to one clinical question.
A systematic review's purpose is always specific to one clinical question.
False (B)
Inclusion and exclusion criteria in a systematic review are defined for patients, not studies.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria in a systematic review are defined for patients, not studies.
False (B)
A systematic review can only inform clinical practice if it directly addresses your clinical question.
A systematic review can only inform clinical practice if it directly addresses your clinical question.
False (B)
Outcome measures in a systematic review are always relevant to your clinical question.
Outcome measures in a systematic review are always relevant to your clinical question.
Statistical heterogeneity is not a necessary consideration in a meta-analysis.
Statistical heterogeneity is not a necessary consideration in a meta-analysis.
The purpose of a systematic review is usually stated at the beginning of the Introduction.
The purpose of a systematic review is usually stated at the beginning of the Introduction.
A systematic review can only provide evidence to support one specific treatment strategy.
A systematic review can only provide evidence to support one specific treatment strategy.
The inclusion and exclusion criteria in a systematic review are only relevant to the study types included.
The inclusion and exclusion criteria in a systematic review are only relevant to the study types included.
Primary studies are also known as 'studies of studies'.
Primary studies are also known as 'studies of studies'.
A systematic review can only be conducted if all the included studies have the same outcome measures.
A systematic review can only be conducted if all the included studies have the same outcome measures.
A meta-analysis is a statistical method used to conduct primary studies.
A meta-analysis is a statistical method used to conduct primary studies.
Determining the applicability of a systematic review involves evaluating the quality of the studies included.
Determining the applicability of a systematic review involves evaluating the quality of the studies included.
A comprehensive literature search is only necessary for systematic reviews, not for primary studies.
A comprehensive literature search is only necessary for systematic reviews, not for primary studies.
Clinical heterogeneity is always assessed in a meta-analysis.
Clinical heterogeneity is always assessed in a meta-analysis.
Systematic reviews are always extended by pooling data from several studies in a process of meta-analysis.
Systematic reviews are always extended by pooling data from several studies in a process of meta-analysis.
The purpose of a systematic review is to provide a brief summary of a single primary study.
The purpose of a systematic review is to provide a brief summary of a single primary study.
A systematic review is a type of interventional study.
A systematic review is a type of interventional study.
The Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines are used to appraise the quality of systematic reviews.
The Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines are used to appraise the quality of systematic reviews.
Determining applicability is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Determining applicability is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
A literature search is conducted in Step 3 of the EBP process.
A literature search is conducted in Step 3 of the EBP process.
Summarizing the clinical bottom line is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Summarizing the clinical bottom line is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Evaluating study quality is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Evaluating study quality is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Applying reviews to clinical cases is a step in the EBP process.
Applying reviews to clinical cases is a step in the EBP process.
Interpreting results is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
Interpreting results is a step in critically appraising research evidence.
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Study Notes
Systematic Review Appraisal
- A systematic review is a secondary research study that summarizes information from multiple primary studies.
- It is characterized by a comprehensive literature search, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a systematic analysis of the methodological quality of the studies.
Key Questions for Appraising Systematic Reviews
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A: Determining Applicability of a Systematic Review
- Is the study’s purpose relevant to my clinical question?
- Are the inclusion and exclusion criteria clearly defined and are studies that would answer my clinical question likely to be included?
- Are the types of interventions investigated relevant to my clinical question?
- Are the outcome measures relevant to my clinical question and are they conducted in a clinically realist manner?
- Is the study population (sample) sufficiently similar to my patient to justify expectation that my patient would respond similarly to the population?
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B: Determining Quality of a Systematic Review
- Was the literature search comprehensive?
- Was an objective, reproducible, and reliable method used to judge the quality of the studies in the systematic review?
- Was a standardized method used to extract data from studies included in the systematic review?
- Was clinical heterogeneity assessed to determine whether a meta-analysis was justified?
Interpreting Results of a Systematic Review
- Statistical heterogeneity should be assessed if a meta-analysis was conducted.
- Methods used to report the results of the systematic review should be considered.
Summarizing the Clinical Bottom Line of a Systematic Review
- How does the systematic review inform clinical practice related to my clinical question?
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Process
- Step 1: Identify the need for information and develop a focused and searchable clinical question.
- Step 2: Conduct a search to find the best possible research evidence to answer the question.
- Step 3: Critically appraise the research evidence for applicability and quality.
- Step 4: Integrate the critically appraised research evidence with clinical expertise and the patient’s values and circumstances.
- Step 5: Evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of the efforts in Steps 1-4 and identify ways to improve them in the future.
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