System Software: Types and Functions

• There are mainly two types of software: system software and application software.

System Software

• System software enables the computer to work and control connected devices.
• System software performs tasks related to the operation and performance of the computer system.
• System software is designed to manage computer operations and provide computer resources to the user.
• It boots the computer and ensures all hardware elements are working properly.
• It performs operations such as retrieving, loading, executing, and storing application programs.
• It stores and retrieves files and performs system utility functions.

Categories of System Software

• Operating system
• Utility programs
• Programming

Operating System Software

• An operating system performs daily computer activities and manages computer resources.

Types of Operating Systems

• Stand-alone operating system
• Network operating system
• Embedded operating system

Examples of Operating System Software

• Windows, Linux, Unix, Ubuntu, Macintosh (MAC), Chrome OS, Novell, and Android for mobile phones

Functions of Operating Systems

• Processor management, such as multitasking and time sharing.
• Control the use of peripheral devices.
• Provides an environment for installing application software.
• Controls the booting process.
• Monitors system performance and administers security.
• File management.
• Connects devices to work with the computer (configuring devices).
• Schedules computer tasks/jobs.
• Establishes network connections.

Forms of Operating System User Interfaces

• Command-Line User Interface
• Graphical User Interface

Command-Line User Interface

• Users type commands or press special keys to enter data and instructions.
• The set of commands a user employs to interact with the computer is called command language.
• Examples include DOS, UNIX, and Linux.
• A blinking cursor appears on a virtually empty screen where users key in commands and the computer executes them upon pressing enter.

Advantages of Command User Interface

• Commands are executed faster.
• Consumes limited Random Access Memory.
• Not easily affected by viruses.
• Ideal for programming and programmers.
• Commands can be grouped together.

Disadvantages of Command User Interfaces

• Commands are not easily memorized.
• Requires a lot of knowledge to master the commands.
• Commands have to be typed correctly.
• No graphics on the screen.
• A mouse cannot be used.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• A graphical user interface lets users employ menus and visual images such as icons, buttons, and other graphical objects to issue commands.

Advantages of Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• It is user-friendly because it is easy to learn and work with.
• There is no need to type and memorize any command language.
• The interface is similar for any application.
• You are provided with a colored screen with icons each representing a program.
• A mouse may be used.

Disadvantages of Graphical User Interface (GUI)

• Requires much more memory and processor power.
• Require much more desk space to hold the files.
• Difficult to automate for expert users.
• Easily affected by viruses.
• Not good for programmers.