System Life Cycle and Integration
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Questions and Answers

Which type of testing involves the use of both normal and abnormal data?

  • Data testing (correct)
  • User acceptance testing
  • Alpha testing
  • Dry-run testing
  • Which stage of testing focuses on individual components of a system?

  • Unit testing (correct)
  • Alpha testing
  • User acceptance testing
  • Integration testing
  • What is the primary purpose of alpha testing?

  • To ensure the software meets the specific design requirements
  • To assess the overall system performance with real user data
  • To gather user feedback and suggestions for improvement
  • To identify and fix bugs before the software is released to the public (correct)
  • Which testing phase involves verifying that the combined system components work together as intended?

    <p>Integration testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of "data verification"?

    <p>Ensuring the accuracy of data inputs by using double entry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between validation and verification in software testing?

    <p>Validation focuses on the software's functional correctness, while verification checks if the software meets design specifications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of testing aims to ensure that the software meets the customer's needs and requirements?

    <p>User acceptance testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of debugging in software development?

    <p>Identifying and fixing errors in the software code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using remote desktop connections for technical support?

    <p>It enables technicians to take direct control of a user's computer to troubleshoot issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of self-instruction or self-study for learning new software?

    <p>The lack of immediate feedback and guidance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of data loss?

    <p>Incorrectly configured network settings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to prevent data loss due to accidental deletion?

    <p>Regularly backing up important data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential weakness of remote/ online training?

    <p>The difficulty in engaging students who lack technical skills. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the benefits of using online portals for user support?

    <p>They offer centralized access manuals, support pages, and FAQs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended solution to prevent data loss due to building fires?

    <p>Using fireproof storage cabinets for backups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of user training provides direct interaction and facilitates exchange of ideas between students?

    <p>Formal classes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does a dumb terminal primarily serve in a network?

    <p>Rely on external computing resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a thin client from a dumb terminal?

    <p>Thin clients partially depend on the server (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an email server play in a network?

    <p>It manages the flow of email into and out of the network (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a router function within a network?

    <p>It identifies and distributes information according to routing policies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a firewall in a network?

    <p>To control data flow access among network entities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the purpose of internal documentation in software development?

    <p>To help developers understand and maintain the code. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect relates to the integrity of an IT system?

    <p>Complete and accurate data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of internal documentation?

    <p>User manuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue can arise from data inconsistency in a database?

    <p>Duplicated records with only one copy updated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a client-server architecture, what is the role of the server?

    <p>To manage client requests and provide information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of online manuals over printed manuals?

    <p>Online manuals can incorporate multimedia features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is embedded assistance considered a beneficial feature for software applications?

    <p>It offers context-specific help directly within the application. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of user documentation is most suitable for addressing common issues and questions?

    <p>FAQs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of real-time support methods like live chat sessions?

    <p>They provide instant responses to user queries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common reason for the growing complexity of software systems?

    <p>Increasing reliance on external libraries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of providing adequate user documentation?

    <p>To improve the user experience and reduce support costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of losing medical records?

    <p>The patient's life can be put at risk in serious situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used to prevent data loss?

    <p>Using outdated software (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a failover system from a switchover system?

    <p>Failover is automatic and needs no human action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an upgrade?

    <p>Updates that add new functionalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage devices are commonly used for fast data backup?

    <p>Diskettes, Blu-ray discs, CDs, DVDs, USB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of computer software?

    <p>Printer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of not having a firewall?

    <p>Increased risk of unauthorized access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these describes the primary functionality of a computer network?

    <p>Interconnecting and sharing data between isolated systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can help in reducing human error regarding data management?

    <p>Implementation of failsafe systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anonymity' signify in the context of IT?

    <p>The concealment of one's true identity to perform harmful actions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'digital citizenship'?

    <p>Engaging in ethical behavior within the digital world (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of surveillance in IT?

    <p>Monitoring individuals or groups with or without consent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is involving all key stakeholders critical in the design of a system?

    <p>To guarantee that the system addresses the right issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of the Digital Divide?

    <p>Unequal development and use of IT systems across regions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'iteration' refer to in the system development process?

    <p>The repetition of a set of instructions until a goal is reached (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a role of IT policies?

    <p>Eliminating the need for stakeholders in IT projects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of 'examining current systems'?

    <p>To analyze the functions and procedures of existing systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential social impact of IT?

    <p>Internet addiction among users (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'privacy' refer to in the context of information technology?

    <p>The ability to control the use and dissemination of personal data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Data Testing

    Process of inputting normal, abnormal, and extreme data to verify system performance.

    Alpha Testing

    Initial testing by the software development company before public release.

    Beta Testing

    Testing by external users to provide feedback and suggestions on the software.

    Dry Run Testing

    Manual examination of source code to determine expected output without execution.

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    Unit Testing

    Testing individual parts of the software separately for correctness.

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    Integration Testing

    Testing the entire system as a whole to ensure all components work together.

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    User Acceptance Testing

    Testing to verify if the system meets customer needs, often on user premises.

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    Verification vs Validation

    Verification confirms specifications are met; validation confirms functionality for intended use.

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    Live chat support

    A service where a technician helps users solve problems via chat, call, or video.

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    Online portals

    Websites providing manuals, support pages, and FAQs for user assistance.

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    Remote desktop connection

    A service that allows a technician to control a user's PC remotely over the Internet.

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    Self-instruction

    A training method where users learn at their own pace using various media.

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    Formal classes

    Structured learning environments with teacher and student interaction.

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    Remote/online training

    Courses conducted over the Internet, accessible anytime, anywhere with a PC.

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    Causes of data loss

    Various reasons leading to the loss of data, such as accidental deletion or hardware failure.

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    Accidental deletion recovery

    Using recovery software to restore data that was accidentally deleted.

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    Dumb Terminal

    A simple device with keyboard and monitor, relying on a server.

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    Thin Client

    A low-performance terminal that relies on a server.

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    Client

    A device that receives data from a server.

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    Server

    A system that stores data and offers it to clients.

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    Email Server

    Manages the flow of emails, confirming addresses and access.

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    Router

    A device that directs information to its destination address.

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    Domain Name System Server

    Maps domain names to IP addresses for resolution.

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    Firewall

    Controls data access across networks for security.

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    Data Loss Prevention

    Strategies to avoid loss of important data.

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    UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)

    A device that provides backup power during failures.

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    Redundancy

    Duplication of data and storage devices for security.

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    Failover System

    Standby system that takes over after a primary failure.

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    Switchover System

    Interchange of primary and secondary systems manually.

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    Patches

    Minor updates to fix known software issues.

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    Updates

    Changes that provide new functions or fix bugs.

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    Upgrades

    Major updates adding new functionalities and bug fixes.

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    Computer Hardware

    Physical components of a computer, like the CPU or monitor.

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    Computer Software

    Instructions understood by a CPU guiding operations.

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    Security

    Protection of hardware, software, and networks from unauthorized access.

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    Privacy

    The ability to control how your data is used and shared.

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    Anonymity

    Concealing one's identity while using IT systems.

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    Intellectual Property

    Legal rights for ideas and creations like art, essays, and inventions.

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    Digital Divide

    Unequal access to technology across different regions and groups.

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    Surveillance

    Monitoring individuals or groups via IT systems, often without consent.

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    Digital Citizenship

    Appropriate behavior and ethical use of technology in society.

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    Stakeholders

    Individuals or groups with an interest in a project's outcome.

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    Iteration

    Repeating a set of instructions until a desired result is achieved.

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    Literature Search

    Finding and managing various sources to gain information on a topic.

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    Importance of User Documentation

    User documentation is essential as systems become complex and conflicts may arise between users and developers.

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    External Documentation

    External documentation is user-supporting documents like user manuals, separate from the program code.

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    Internal Documentation

    Internal documentation includes code comprehension features directly in the source code such as comments and headers.

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    Types of Internal Documentation

    Proper internal documents include module headers, comments, meaningful variable names, and appropriate code structuring.

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    Forms of User Documentation

    User documentation can be in written form or available online, with both having distinct advantages.

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    Email Support

    Email support is an asynchronous online support method where users contact support teams for help.

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    Embedded Assistance

    Embedded assistance provides context-specific help, often through tooltips when hovering over interface elements.

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    Live Chat Sessions

    Live chat sessions allow real-time support for urgent user issues, enhancing customer support.

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    Study Notes

    System Life Cycle

    • The system life cycle outlines the stages of developing a new system.
    • Most systems start with analysis, then design and may return to earlier stages.
    • Stages include: analysis, design, implementation, testing & debugging, software implementation, evaluation, deployment and maintenance.

    Systems in Organizations

    • New systems are created to replace inefficient, unsuitable, redundant, or outdated systems.
    • The purpose is to improve productivity, quality and minimize costs.
    • Computer systems include hardware, software, people, and the immediate environment.
    • Planning a new system should anticipate organizational issues like lack of clear strategies, stakeholder participation, end-user support, and training.
    • Feasibility studies evaluate project potential (technical, economic, legal, operational, and schedule).

    System Integration Strategies

    • Keeping existing systems and developing them for similar functionality (high maintenance cost)
    • Replacing both systems with new ones (increased cost)
    • Selecting the best system from each company and combining them
    • Selecting one system and dropping the other

    Types of Changeovers

    • Parallel: Both old and new systems run simultaneously. This is the safest approach but costly.
    • Big Bang/Direct (Immediate): The old system is stopped, and the new one is started immediately. This is fast but risky.
    • Pilot: The new system is tested with a small group, then rolled out to the entire organization if successful. This is a risk-mitigation approach.
    • Phased: The new system is introduced in stages. This is a more gradual approach, but takes longer to fully implement.

    Data Migration

    • Transferring data between different formats, storage types, and systems.
    • This can be automated or manual.
    • There are potential problems like incompatibility and data loss.

    Types of Testing

    • Functional testing: Testing individual commands and functions.
    • Data testing: Testing with normal, abnormal, and extreme data.
    • Alpha testing: Testing by the development company before the general public.
    • Beta testing: Testing by users outside the development company.
    • Dry-run testing: Testing involves pen and paper simulating the run.
    • Unit testing: Testing individual components of a system.
    • Integration testing: Testing the interactions between different components of a system.
    • User acceptance testing: Testing by end-users to confirm the system meets their needs.
    • Debugging: Systematic process of finding and fixing errors in a program.

    User Documentation

    • Manuals can be online or printed and the online option has multimedia capabilities.
    • Email support allows users to contact support staff.
    • Embedding assistance (context-specific help) enhances software usability.
    • FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) provide answers to common issues.
    • Live chat support aids in resolving urgent issues quickly.
    • Online portals provide access to updated manuals, support pages, and FAQs.
    • Remote desktop connections allow a technician to control a user's PC remotely.

    Methods of Delivering User Training

    • Self-instruction/self-study: Users learn at their own pace using manuals, books, or online tutorials.
    • Formal classes: Structured training with an instructor.
    • Remote/online training: Allows participants to learn from anywhere through a computer and internet connection.

    Data Loss Causes and Consequences

    • Causes: Accidental deletion, administrative errors, poor data storage, data corruption, viruses, continued use after failure, firmware corruption, natural disasters, or physical damage.
    • Consequences of data loss may vary.

    Importance of User Documentation

    • A crucial user aid that is easily accessible to describe how to use a program, system
    • This is also critical for troubleshooting

    Computer Hardware and Software

    • Describes the physical components of a computer and the software (instructions for the CPU to work).
    • Peripheral Devices are additional tools that work with the computer.
    • Networks connect multiple computers together
    • Special Roles within networks: dumb terminal, thin client, client, server, e-mail server, and domain name system server which attribute names to network addresses, and firewalls which control data flow between network entities

    Subjects of Social and Ethical Significance

    • Reliability: How well a system functions.
    • Integrity: Ensuring data is complete and accurate.
    • Inconsistency: Avoiding duplicate or outdated data
    • Security: Protecting hardware, software, and networks from unauthorized access.
    • Privacy: User control over the use and sharing of their data.
    • Anonymity: Concealing identity in online activities.
    • Intellectual property: Rights to original creations
    • Digital divide and equality of access: Unequal distribution of information technology access
    • Surveillance: Monitoring individuals or groups in digital spaces
    • Globalization and cultural diversity: Impacts of IT on different cultures
    • IT policies: Formal guidelines for IT use.
    • Standards and protocols: Technical rules and conventions.

    System Flowcharts (System Flowcharts or Data Flow Diagrams)

    • Visual representations of data flow or processes within the system
    • Show data paths (input and output)
    • Structure charts describe the relationships between modules to support modular design approach

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    Description

    This quiz covers the stages of the system life cycle, including analysis, design, and implementation. It also explores the purpose of creating new systems in organizations and discusses system integration strategies. Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of system development and organizational improvement.

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