System Development Life Cycle Models - CSC 1403

Chapter 2: System Development Life Cycle Models

• System Analysis and Design Fundamentals (CSC 1403) is the course related to this chapter
• Learning objectives for this topic include
  • Identifying traditional SDLC models
  • Explaining differences between system life cycle models in system development
  • Listing all SDLC stages

2.1 Traditional Life Cycle Models

• Traditional Life Cycle Models are structured approaches used in software development and system engineering
• They are methodical, orderly, and linear, often with clearly defined stages.

2.1.1 Examples of Traditional Life Cycle Models

• Waterfall Model: A linear approach; each phase (Requirements, Design, Implementation, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance) must be completed before moving to the next
• V-Model: Extends the Waterfall model, emphasizing testing and verification at each development stage. The verification and validation phases occur in reverse order of the development phases

2.1.2 Further Models

• Incremental Model: Divides a project into smaller segments, developing and delivering portions incrementally.
• Iterative Model: Focuses on refining and revisiting processes through repeated cycles to improve the system
• Prototype Model: Involves creating an initial prototype to gather user feedback and refine requirements.

2.1.3 Waterfall Model Diagram

• The diagram shows a sequence of stages:
  • Requirement Analysis
  • System Design
  • Implementation
  • Testing
  • Deployment
  • Maintenance

2.1.4 V-Model Diagram

• The diagram is shaped like a 'V'
  • Verification Phases: correspond to the stages in reverse order of the development stages
  • Validation Phases: corresponds to the stages of the development in a more direct order
  • Top of the V –Requirement gathering
  • Bottom of the V –Coding

2.1.5 Incremental and Iterative Model Diagrams

• Shows a cyclical process, indicating refinement and repetition through multiple iterations
• The diagrams emphasize repeated cycles of planning, building, and testing, contributing to improvement and refinement in the developed system.

2.1.5 Prototype Model Diagram

• Shows a linear path from initial requirement gathering to quick design to building and refining prototypes, and finally to user evaluations

2.2 Modern Life Cycle Models

• Modern Life Cycle Models aim for flexibility, adaptability, iterative progress, and accommodating dynamic business requirements, and evolving technologies.
• They focus on:
  • Continuous improvement
  • Collaboration
  • Faster delivery

2.2.1 Examples of Modern Life Cycle Models

• Rapid Application Development (RAD): A modern software development methodology emphasizing speed, flexibility, and iterative development.
  • Minimizes planning and maximizes user involvement
  • Effective in projects with rapidly changing requirements or in short timeframes
• Agile Model: A flexible, iterative approach promoting collaboration and feedback for small, quick releases.
• Scrum: A subset of Agile, focusing on short development cycles (sprints) using roles like Scrum Master and Product Owner.
• Kanban: A lean methodology utilizing visual workflows and limiting work in progress to enhance efficiency.
• DevOps: Combining development and operations to boost collaboration, automate processes and enable continuous delivery and integration
• Spiral Model: Combining iterative development with risk-driven approach, repeatedly going through planning, design, building, and testing phases

2.3 Overview SDLC Stages

• Traditional methodology for developing, maintaining, and replacing information systems
• Consists of five phases:
  • Planning and Selection
  • Analysis
  • Design
  • Implementation
  • Maintenance

2.3.1 Planning Phase

• Identifying, analyzing, prioritizing, and arranging organization's overall information system needs

2.3.2 Analysis Phase

• Studying current procedures and information systems
  • Determining requirements
  • Generating alternative designs
  • Comparing alternatives
  • Recommending the best alternative

2.3.3 Design Phase

• Describing recommended solutions, converting into logical and then physical system specifications
  • Logical design details all functional system features independently of platform
  • Physical design translates logical specifications into technology details for programming and system construction

2.3.4 Implementation Phase

• Coding, testing, installing, and supporting the information system

2.3.5 Maintenance Phase

• The final phase of SDLC
• Repairing and improving the information system to reflect evolving business conditions.
  • Making user-requested changes

2.3.6 SDLC Products / Deliverables table

• Detailed explanation of products, outputs, or deliverables for each phase (Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance) of the SDLC.

This quiz covers Chapter 2 of System Analysis and Design Fundamentals (CSC 1403), focusing on traditional System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) models. You'll learn about key models like the Waterfall and V-Model, exploring their stages and differences. Test your understanding of structured approaches used in software development.