System Development Cycle

System Development Cycle

• The system development cycle consists of several stages, including Preliminary Study, Evaluation/Study, Feasibility Study, System Analysis, System Design, Implementation, and Maintenance.
• Each stage involves a specific set of activities and tasks that aim to develop and implement a system.

Problems of System Development Life Cycle

• System delimitation/boundary: defining the scope and boundaries of the system.
• Components of a system must communicate with each other: ensuring that all components of the system interact and work together effectively.
• Production cost and delivery time: managing the cost and time required to develop and implement the system.
• Misunderstanding of requirement definition: ensuring that the requirements of the system are clearly defined and understood.
• System growth and changes: managing changes and updates to the system over time.

Analysis Phase

• There are four main ways of collecting information during the analysis phase:
  • Interviews
  • Questionnaires
  • Observation
  • Review of existing documents

Systems Analysis Stage

• The analyst performs six main tasks during the systems analysis stage:
  • Defining the problem
  • Identifying the requirements
  • Gathering data
  • Analyzing data
  • Developing a solution
  • Evaluating the solution

Data Flow Diagram

• A data flow diagram is a pictorial representation of the flow of data through a system.
• It is used to model the flow of data and to identify the processes and systems involved.

Flowchart

• A flowchart is a pictorial representation of the logic involved in solving a problem.
• It is used to depict the step-by-step sequence of a program and to identify the decisions and processes involved.

Algorithm

• An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.
• It is a plan or a set of rules that define how to solve a problem in a finite and ordered sequence.
• Algorithms are used for many different things, including calculations, data processing, and automation.

Function of Algorithms

• An algorithm takes some input, carries out a number of effective steps in a finite amount of time, and produces some output.
• Algorithms are used to plan out the solution to a problem and to break down the problem into smaller parts.

Computational Thinking

• Computational thinking involves using algorithms to solve problems and to make decisions.
• It involves breaking down problems into smaller parts, identifying the steps required to solve the problem, and using algorithms to carry out those steps.

Representing an Algorithm

• There are two main ways to represent an algorithm:
  • Pseudocode
  • Flowcharts

Pseudocode

• Pseudocode is a way of describing a set of instructions that doesn't use specific syntax.
• It is used to represent an algorithm in a way that is easy to understand and to implement.

Flowchart

• A flowchart is a diagram that represents a set of instructions.
• It is used to represent an algorithm in a visual way and to identify the steps and decisions involved.

Internet Technology

• Cyber café: a place that provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee.
• Cyber space: the electronic medium of computer networks, in which online communication takes place.
• Download: transferring a file from a remote computer to a local computer.
• Upload: transferring a file from a local computer to a remote computer.
• Email: electronically transmitted mail.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): the standard method for downloading and uploading files over the Internet.
• Homepage: the first page that appears when you visit a website.
• HTTP: the set of rules by which web pages are transferred across the Internet.
• URL: the address of a specific web page or file on the Internet.
• World Wide Web (WWW): a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
• Website: a collection of World Wide Web pages or files.
• Web page: a single hypertext file or a page that is part of a website.
• Web server: a computer that delivers web content to web browsers.
• Chat: online text-based communication between internet users.
• Chat room: a part of an online service that provides a venue for communities of users with common interests to communicate in real-time.
• HTML: the language of the web.
• ISP: an organization that provides access to the internet and web hosting.

This quiz covers the stages of system development, from preliminary study to maintenance. It includes feasibility study, evaluation, and implementation.