System Design and Architecture Quiz

Definition: The process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements.
Key Elements:
- Requirements Analysis: Understanding user needs and constraints.
- System Specification: Documenting the system's intended functionality.
- Design Models: Utilizing various models (e.g., UML) to represent system components and interactions.
- Prototyping: Creating preliminary models to visualize and test aspects of the system.
- Usability: Ensuring the system is user-friendly and meets user experience standards.

Definition: The conceptual model defining the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.
Components:
- Layers: Dividing the system into layers (presentation, application, data, etc.) for management and scalability.
- Components: Identifying distinct parts (databases, servers, APIs) that interact with each other.
- Interfaces: Defining how different system components communicate.
- Standards: Following established architectural styles (e.g., microservices, monolithic).

Definition: Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Core Functions:
- Process Management: Handling the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes.
- Memory Management: Managing system memory allocation (RAM) and ensuring efficient use.
- File System Management: Organizing and managing data storage and file permissions.
- Device Management: Overseeing input/output devices and their drivers.
- User Interface: Providing a way for users to interact with the computer (CLI, GUI).

Definition: Interconnected computing systems that share resources and communicate with each other.
Key Concepts:
- Protocols: Rules governing data transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP).
- Topologies: Physical and logical arrangement of network devices (e.g., star, ring, mesh).
- Network Devices: Routers, switches, firewalls, and their roles in network management.
- Security: Measures (encryption, authentication) to protect data integrity and privacy.

Definition: A model in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions to achieve a common goal.
Characteristics:
- Transparency: Users should not be aware of the complexity of the system.
- Scalability: Ability to grow and manage increased load by adding resources.
- Fault Tolerance: System's ability to continue functioning in the event of a failure.
- Concurrency: Handling multiple operations or processes simultaneously.
- Communication: Mechanisms for message passing, remote procedure calls, and data sharing among distributed components.

Definition encompasses defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data to meet specified requirements.
Requirements analysis focuses on understanding user needs, limitations, and constraints prior to system development.
System specification involves documenting and detailing the system's intended functionality and features.
Design models, such as UML, serve to visually represent system components and their interactions, aiding in clarity.
Prototyping develops preliminary models to visualize and evaluate portions of the system before full-scale implementation.
Usability prioritizes user-friendliness and adherence to user experience standards, making the system accessible and intuitive.

Definition refers to the conceptual model that outlines a system's structure, behavior, and multiple views.
Layers in architecture organize the system into distinct categories (presentation, application, data) to simplify management and enhance scalability.
Components include identifiable distinct parts, such as databases, servers, and APIs, which interact to form a cohesive system.
Interfaces define the methods and standards for communication between different system components, ensuring interoperability.
Adherence to established architectural styles (like microservices and monolithic) ensures standardization and best practices.

Definition encompasses software that controls computer hardware and software resources, providing essential services for programs.
Core functions include:
- Process management, which involves creating, scheduling, and terminating processes efficiently.
- Memory management, focusing on the allocation and efficient use of system memory (RAM).
- File system management that organizes data storage and sets file permissions.
- Device management overseeing input/output devices and ensuring proper functioning of their drivers.
- User interface provision, offering means for user interaction through command-line interfaces (CLI) or graphical user interfaces (GUI).

Definition describes interconnected computing systems that share resources and enable communication.
Key concepts involve:
- Protocols, which are rules governing data transmission standards such as TCP/IP and HTTP.
- Topologies, referring to the arrangement of network devices (e.g., star, ring, mesh), which influence performance and fault tolerance.
- Network devices include routers, switches, and firewalls, each serving distinct roles in managing network traffic and security.
- Security encompasses measures like encryption and authentication to safeguard data integrity and user privacy.

Definition represents a model where components on networked computers work together, communicating and coordinating actions for a shared goal.
Key characteristics include:
- Transparency, whereby users remain unaware of the underlying complexity of the system.
- Scalability, allowing systems to expand and manage increased workloads by incorporating additional resources.
- Fault tolerance guarantees the system's ability to function continuously, even amidst component failures.
- Concurrency enables simultaneous handling of multiple operations or processes within the system.
- Communication mechanisms include message passing, remote procedure calls, and data sharing strategies among distributed components.