System Architecture Overview
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What is a key characteristic of a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) service?

  • Services can function independently with domain functionality. (correct)
  • Services must be tightly coupled with other services.
  • Services require specific programming languages for implementation.
  • Services are designed to be fine-grained in scope.

    • What role does orchestration play in a Service-Oriented Architecture?

  • Orchestration defines the individual services and their interfaces.
  • Orchestration manages data storage for the services.
  • Orchestration coordinates interactions between different services. (correct)
  • Orchestration is responsible for providing user interface portals.

    • Which statement accurately differentiates SOA from Microservices?

  • Microservices cannot function independently from SOA.
  • SOA does not support independent service deployment.
  • Microservices rely on a single integration platform.
  • SOA focuses on the entire enterprise's IT system. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the purpose of an integration platform in SOA?

    <p>To allow communication between different services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of having coarse-grained services in SOA?

    <p>They minimize dependencies between services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of a system's architecture?

    <p>Defining the functionality of hardware and software components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the 'Module' structure in system architecture?

    <p>It defines specific functions or responsibilities for various code or data units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the decomposition process of modules?

    <p>Verify the system's security measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In system architecture, what does the Layer structure indicate?

    <p>Each layer depends on the one below it, offering services to the one above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diagram is a class diagram in software engineering?

    <p>A static structure diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do 'Uses' relationships serve in the module structure?

    <p>Show dependencies between modules regarding services and functionalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the Class structure in system architecture?

    <p>It pertains to the relationships between various classes and their properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of a decomposition structure?

    <p>It allows for simplification by breaking down modules into smaller units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes composition in the context of aggregation?

    <p>Parts are destroyed when the whole is destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of line is used to represent a dependency between two classes?

    <p>Dashed line with an open arrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a data model primarily describe?

    <p>The static information structure and relationships of data entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a component in a system?

    <p>A unit that performs computations at runtime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is mentioned as a service coordination tool?

    <p>SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the concurrency structure within components?

    <p>How components are executed concurrently with threads and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does allocation define in a system?

    <p>The interaction with non-software elements in the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does deployment in the allocation structure illustrate?

    <p>The assignment of software to hardware processing elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of microservices allows them to be deployed independently of each other?

    <p>Continuous Delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge arises from the autonomy of microservices?

    <p>Complex data management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes refactoring a microservice complex?

    <p>Multiple service dependencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is domain architecture crucial in microservices?

    <p>It helps identify bounded contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of distributed communication in microservices?

    <p>It operates through independent processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes atomicity in transactions?

    <p>A transaction is either executed completely or not at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does consistency in transactions imply?

    <p>All changes remain valid and conform to predefined rules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does isolation indicate in the context of transactions?

    <p>Operations of transactions are separated from each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using large monolithic applications?

    <p>A small change requires redeployment of the entire app.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Context or System Context diagram represent in the C4 Model?

    <p>The scope of the software system and its interactions with users and other systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of using microservices?

    <p>They can be developed and deployed independently of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a principle of the microservices approach based on the UNIX philosophy?

    <p>Applications should only be developed using object-oriented programming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the C4 Model, what do Components represent?

    <p>Individual parts within a container and their interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit do microservices provide when testing new technologies?

    <p>They allow for testing new technology without affecting other services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level in the C4 Model provides a detailed view of system building blocks like classes and interfaces?

    <p>Codes Diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about technology adoption barriers is true?

    <p>Framework changes can hinder technology adoption due to their complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    System Architecture

    • Represents a system by mapping functionalities onto hardware and software components, ensuring seamless human interaction with those components.
    • Three primary architectural structures:

      Module Structure

      • Defines the system's organization into code or data units, with each module having a specific function or responsibility.
      • Structures within Module Structure:
        • Decomposition: Breaks down modules into smaller, more manageable units.
        • Uses: Illustrates dependencies between modules, like which modules rely on others' services or functionalities.
        • Layer: Organizes the system in layers, each depending on the layer below and providing services to the layer above.
        • Class: Defines relationships (inheritance, associations, aggregations) between classes or objects in object-oriented systems.
        • Data Model: Describes the static information structure in terms of data entities and their relationships.

      Component and Connector Structure

      • Defines how the system is organized into elements that perform actions during runtime (components) and how those elements interact (connectors).
      • Structures within Component and Connector Structure:
        • Service: Units are services that inter-operate through mechanisms like SOAP. Supports systems composed of independent components, even if developed independently.
        • Concurrency: Shows how components execute concurrently, including threads, processes, and synchronization methods, highlighting parallel/concurrent execution management.

      Allocation Structure

      • Defines how software interacts with non-software elements in its environment, like CPUs, file systems, networks, and development teams.
      • Structures within Allocation Structure:
        • Deployment: Maps software to hardware processing and communication elements.

    C4 Model

    • Provides a detailed map of code using an abstraction-first approach, like zooming in and out on Google Maps.
    • Simplifies communication and understanding of software architecture.
    • Utilizes four diagram levels:
      • Context or System Context: Outlines the software system's scope and interactions with users and other systems.
      • Container: Represents a running application or data store, essential for making the system functional.
      • Components: Individual elements within each container, outlining their interactions.
      • Codes: Shows how components are implemented, with classes and interfaces supporting those components.

    Microservices

    • Splitting large systems into smaller modules (microservices), each focusing on a specific task or functionality.
    • Derived from Unix philosophy, emphasizing minimal, modular software development.
    • Benefits:
      • Legacy Application: Microservices handle specific requests while leaving others to legacy systems.
      • Time-to-Market: Introduced into production one-by-one, allowing for independent scaling of each service.
      • Free Choice of Technologies: Test new technology within a single microservice, limiting risk to other services.
      • Continuous Delivery: Small microservices can be deployed independently, allowing simultaneous deployment of different versions.
    • Challenges:
      • Data Management: Complexity due to the autonomy of each microservice, especially when multiple services need shared data.
      • Refactoring: Difficult, as improving internal structures or design is challenging across microservices deployed on different environments.
      • Domain Architecture: Defining bounded contexts and separating services aligning with business domains is crucial for a seamless flow.
      • Running Microservices is Complex: Each microservice requiring independent deployment, versioning, scaling, and updates adds complexity.

    SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)

    • Composed of independent, reusable services that communicate through interfaces.
    • Focuses on larger, coarser-grained services, minimizing dependencies.
    • Service Characteristics:
      • Provides domain functionality and can be used independently.
      • Network availability.
      • Compatibility with different programming languages and platforms.
      • Services have interfaces for platform-agnostic communication.
      • Coarser-grained, meaning they are larger in scope and function independently.
    • Team Structure:
      • Different teams manage individual systems and portals.
      • A dedicated team handles integration and orchestration, ensuring smooth communication between services.
    • Integration platform enables communication between services.
    • Orchestration coordinates different services.
    • Portals provide interfaces for users to interact with SOA services (web, mobile, etc.)

    SOA vs Microservices:

    • SOA: Focuses on the entire enterprise's IT landscape. Different teams work on specific areas, like backend services or user interface.
    • Microservices: Each team works on both backend and frontend within a single project, enhancing communication and accelerating feature development.

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    Midterm-Reviewer-IT109.pdf

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of system architecture, focusing on how functionalities are mapped onto hardware and software components. This quiz covers module structure, decomposition, dependency relationships, and data modeling in object-oriented systems.

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