System Administration Basics

System Administration

• System administration involves managing and maintaining computer systems, including installing, configuring, and troubleshooting.
• Key tasks:
  • User management: creating and managing user accounts, groups, and permissions.
  • System configuration: configuring system settings, such as network settings and security policies.
  • Performance monitoring: monitoring system performance, identifying bottlenecks, and optimizing system resources.
  • Backup and recovery: creating backups, restoring data, and recovering from system failures.

Ubuntu

• Ubuntu is a popular Linux distribution, known for its user-friendly interface and ease of use.
• Key features:
  • Debian-based package management system (apt-get).
  • GNOME desktop environment.
  • Large community of users and developers, providing extensive support and resources.
  • Regularly updated with new releases and security patches.

vi Editor Commands

• Basic commands:
  • i: enter insert mode.
  • esc: exit insert mode and return to command mode.
  • :wq: save and quit.
  • :q!: quit without saving.
• Navigation:
  • h, j, k, l: move left, down, up, and right.
  • w, b: move forward and backward one word.
  • 0, $: move to beginning and end of line.
• Editing:
  • x: delete character under cursor.
  • dw: delete word under cursor.
  • p: paste text from buffer.

Permissions

• Linux permissions control access to files and directories.
• Three types of permissions:
  • Read (r): ability to view file contents.
  • Write (w): ability to modify file contents.
  • Execute (x): ability to execute file as a program.
• Permissions can be set using:
  • chmod command: sets permissions for a file or directory.
  • chown command: sets ownership of a file or directory.
• Permission levels:
  • User (owner): has full control over file or directory.
  • Group: has shared access to file or directory.
  • Others: has limited access to file or directory.

Partitioning

• Partitioning involves dividing a hard drive into separate sections for storing data.
• Key concepts:
  • Primary partition: main partition on a hard drive, used for booting.
  • Extended partition: secondary partition, used for storing data.
  • Logical partition: subdivision of an extended partition.
• Partitioning tools:
  • fdisk: command-line partitioning tool.
  • gparted: graphical partitioning tool.
• Partitioning schemes:
  • MBR (Master Boot Record): legacy partitioning scheme.
  • GPT (GUID Partition Table): modern partitioning scheme.

Samba Server

• Samba is a free, open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol, allowing Linux systems to share files and printers with Windows systems.
• Key features:
  • File and printer sharing: allows Windows systems to access Linux files and printers.
  • User authentication: integrates with Linux user authentication systems.
  • Configuration: can be configured using the smb.conf file.
• Common Samba commands:
  • smbclient: command-line tool for accessing Samba shares.
  • smbstatus: displays information about Samba shares and connections.
  • testparm: tests Samba configuration file for errors.

System Administration

• Manages and maintains computer systems, including installing, configuring, and troubleshooting.
• Key tasks include user management, system configuration, performance monitoring, and backup and recovery.

Ubuntu

• A popular Linux distribution known for its user-friendly interface and ease of use.
• Features a Debian-based package management system (apt-get) and GNOME desktop environment.
• Has a large community of users and developers, providing extensive support and resources.
• Regularly updated with new releases and security patches.

vi Editor Commands

• Basic commands: i for insert mode, esc to exit insert mode, :wq to save and quit, and :q! to quit without saving.
• Navigation commands: h, j, k, l to move left, down, up, and right, w, b to move forward and backward one word, and 0, $ to move to beginning and end of line.
• Editing commands: x to delete character under cursor, dw to delete word under cursor, and p to paste text from buffer.

Permissions

• Control access to files and directories in Linux.
• Three types of permissions: Read (r) for viewing file contents, Write (w) for modifying file contents, and Execute (x) for executing file as a program.
• Permissions can be set using chmod command for setting permissions and chown command for setting ownership.
• Permission levels: User (owner) has full control, Group has shared access, and Others have limited access.

Partitioning

• Divides a hard drive into separate sections for storing data.
• Key concepts: Primary partition for booting, Extended partition for storing data, and Logical partition as a subdivision of an extended partition.
• Partitioning tools: fdisk for command-line partitioning and gparted for graphical partitioning.
• Partitioning schemes: MBR (Master Boot Record) for legacy and GPT (GUID Partition Table) for modern partitioning.

Samba Server

• A free, open-source implementation of the SMB/CIFS protocol, allowing Linux systems to share files and printers with Windows systems.
• Key features: File and printer sharing, user authentication, and configuration using the smb.conf file.
• Common Samba commands: smbclient for accessing Samba shares, smbstatus for displaying information about Samba shares and connections, and testparm for testing Samba configuration file for errors.