System Administration and CMS Overview

System Administration

• System Administrator: First point of contact for network users with technical problems
• Server Administrator: Maintains server operating systems
• Network Administrator: Maintains network infrastructure
• Database Administrator (DBA): Maintains company/organization databases, responsible for backups in case of power outages or disasters
• Skills and qualifications of a System Administrator: problem-solving in stressful situations, strong attention to detail, communication skills, explaining technical concepts to non-technical users, time management

Content Management Systems

• Content Management System (CMS): Application for managing web content
• Presentation Layer: Translates data for application needs
• Portals: Manage, present, and aggregate information
• Web Content Management: Management of website content
• Enterprise Content Management (ECM): Management of general business content
• Digital Asset Management (DAM): Management and manipulation of digital assets (images, audio, video)
• Records Management (RM): Management of transactional information and business records

Backup Management

• Differential backup: Backup of changes since the last full backup
• Mirrored backup: Backup of data to multiple locations for redundancy
• Full backup: Backup of all data
• Incremental backup: Backup of changes since the last backup (full or incremental)
• Virtual backup: Backup of virtual machines
• Network vulnerabilities: Allow threats (spyware, malware) to enter a network
• Penetration Tests (pen tests): Used to identify vulnerabilities
• Endpoint security: Protects remote devices connected to a network
• Risk evaluation: Assess potential hazards
• Testing and optimization: Continuous testing and updates of disaster recovery strategy

Disaster Recovery Plan

• Backup: Creating copies of data
• Cold Site: Backup facility that needs some setup; personnel may need to travel
• Hot Site: Fully operational backup facility
• Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS): Disaster recovery services provided by third party
• Backup As A Service (BaaS): Backup services provided by third party
• Data center disaster recovery: Recovery strategies for data centers
• Virtualization: Using virtual machines for recovery
• Point-in-time copies: Create snapshots for instant recovery

File Systems

• File System: Organizes and manages data on a storage device
• Hard Disk: Data stored electromagnetically on platters (tracks)
• Buffer Memory: Mechanical process of data reading/writing
• File Allocation Table (FAT): Simple, reliable file system (legacy)
• Global File System (GFS): Linux file system
• Distributed File System (DFS): File system with data across multiple servers
• CD-ROM, DVD-ROM: Read-only optical storage disks
• CD-R, DVD-R: Recordable disks, cannot be overwritten
• CD-RW, DVD-RW: Re-writable disks
• Platter: Physical media for data storage in disk drives
• File system: Logical disk component for managing disk operations
• FAT: 1977 design for floppy disks, adapted for hard disks
• Hierarchical File System (HFS): Mac operating system file system

Software Categories

• Application software: Programs for end-users
• Firmware: Software embedded in computer components
• Driver software: Communicates with hardware
• Utility software: Analyzes and optimizes devices
• Package Management System (PMS): Manages software installations

Compliance and Security

• Patch management: Ensuring software updates
• Cyber-attacks: Rising threat to organizations
• Compliance: Maintaining regulatory requirements
• Closed Source Software: Commercial or private software with a fee
• Freeware software: Closed source with no disclosure of source code
• Open source: Software with publicly available source code

Remote Access

• Remote Access: Authorized access from a distance
• Cable Broadband: Connects to fibre cabinet
• DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Uses existing telephone lines
• Cellular Internet: Wireless connection via cellphone towers
• Satellite Internet: Wireless connection via orbiting satellites
• Fiber Optics: Data transmission via optical cables

Network Models

• OSI (Open System Interconnection) Model: Conceptual framework for understanding and implementing network connections
• Physical Layer (Layer 1): Transmission of raw bitstreams
• Data Link Layer (Layer 2): Reliable communication between connected nodes
• Network Layer (Layer 3): Routing data packets across networks
• Transport Layer (Layer 4): Ensures end-to-end communication integrity
• Session Layer (Layer 5): Manages connections
• Presentation Layer (Layer 6): Translates data for application layer
• Application Layer (Layer 7): Closest to the user, interacts with applications
• Local Area Network (LAN): Rapid, accurate transmission over a small area
• Wide Area Network (WAN): Network spanning a large geographic area

This quiz covers essential roles within system administration, including those of system, server, network, and database administrators. It also delves into content management systems, their layers, and types such as web and enterprise content management. Test your understanding of these critical IT concepts!