Syphilitic Manifestations Quiz

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of late manifestations of syphilis?

What type of bone lesion is caused by a gumma of the nasal septum in syphilis?

Which type of leprosy is associated with the highest degree of nerve involvement and deformity?

Which of the following dental abnormalities is characteristic of congenital syphilis?

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of leprosy?

What type of skin lesion is typically seen in leprosy?

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nasal involvement in leprosy?

What is the primary cause of trophic changes in the hands and feet in leprosy?

Which type of leprosy is characterized by well-defined, hypopigmented skin lesions with impaired sensation?

What is the most common visceral involvement in leprosy?

Syphilis

Caused by Treponema pallidum, a venereal disease
Aetiology: Direct method through sexual contact, Congenital method through mother to fetus
Tissue reaction: Syphilitic granulation tissue (SGT) with dense perivascular infiltrate of plasma cells, lymphocytes, and few giant cells
Characterized by prominent end arteritis obliterans in early and cellular stages

Primary Stage (Hard Chancre)

Appears 2 weeks after infection
Site: Genital or extra genital (fingers, lip, tongue)
Lesion: Hard Chancre, a single raised red papule that ulcerates after few days
Ulcer is rounded, superficial, with flat edges, clean floor, firm margin, and firm base
Painless and highly infective

Late Manifestations

Gumma of bones (gummatous osteitis): skull, nose → saddle nose, hard palate → perforate palate
Diffuse syphilitic periosteitis: square shaped skull, saber tibia
Effusions in big joints
Hutchinson teeth: small, peg-shaped, widely separated, and notched
Iritis, keratitis, retinitis → blindness
8th cranial nerve affection → deafness
CNS affection → general paralysis of insane (GPI)

Leprosy

Infective granuloma caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Aetiology: Mycobacterium leprae
Types: Based on TH1 cell mediated immunity
Low TH1: No production of IL2 and IFNγ, macrophages engulf leprae bacilli which proliferate inside their cytoplasm → vacuolated (lepra cells)
High TH1: Production of IL2 and IFNγ, macrophages engulf and destroy leprae bacilli
Micro: Non caseating granuloma + many organisms + lepra cells
Lesions: Skin lesions (multiple nodules in face and extremities)

Test your knowledge on the late manifestations of syphilis, including gumma of bones, cirrhosis, pneumonia, Hutchinson teeth, and more. Explore the various internal organ inflammations and associated symptoms in this quiz.