30 Questions
Which class of biomaterials involves physical combinations of metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials?
Composites
What is the definition of a biomaterial?
A non-viable material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems
In which lecture outline topic would you expect to learn about degradable and non-degradable polymers?
Synthetic polymeric biomaterials
Which application is NOT mentioned as an application of biomaterials?
Neurological applications
Why is it important for biomaterial scientists to understand the basics of polymer science?
To achieve desired functional outcomes in medical devices
Which lecture outline topic covers the growing medical demand and expanding market for biomaterials?
Definitions & Market of biomaterials
Which class of biomaterials is mentioned as requiring the use of multiple classes to achieve desired functional outcomes?
Composites
Which type of polymer is formed by covalently crosslinking individual polymer chains?
Network polymer
What does tacticity refer to in polymer chains?
Stereochemistry
Which temperature characterizes the amorphous region of a polymer system?
Glass transition temperature (Tg)
What holds polymer chains together in a polymer system?
Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interaction, and hydrogen bonding
Which type of polymerization mechanism involves the combination of two monomers with the loss of a small molecule?
Condensation polymerization
In what state do semi-crystalline polymers exist?
Both crystalline and amorphous states
What affects the physical properties of a polymer system?
Molecular characteristics, chemical composition, tacticity, molecular weight, and macroscopic properties
Which technique is used for controlling cross-linking in polymers?
Adding monomers with three or more functional groups during condensation polymerization
What is the dominant factor influencing abiotic degradation of polymers?
Physical accessibility to water or oxygen
What is the main difference between degradation and erosion of polymers?
Degradation involves chemical process resulting in cleavage of covalent bond, while erosion involves physical changes in size, shape, or mass of a device
What are the benefits of degradable polymers for temporary implants?
Avoiding a second surgery and long-term safety
What is the regulatory consideration for degradable biomaterials and safety concerns?
Limit the number of non-toxic monomers considered for synthesis of degradable biomaterials
Which type of polymers are examples of degradable polymers in clinical use or under investigation?
Synthetic polyesters (PLGA, PLA, PGA) containing ester functional groups in their main chains
What are the methods for controlling crystallinity in polymers?
Using catalysts to produce isotactic or syndiotactic addition polymers that can crystallize
Which synthetic polyesters include PLA, PGA, and PLGA?
PLA, PGA, and PLGA
What is a characteristic of PLA?
Semi-crystalline or amorphous, more hydrophobic, and has chiral carbon atoms in the backbone
What is a characteristic of PGA?
Highly crystalline with a high melting point and low solubility in organic solvents
How is PLGA identified?
By the molar ratio of its monomers, such as PLGA 75:25
What are the examples of non-degradable polymers provided in the text?
PMMA, polyurethane, PTFE, and silicones
What is the focus of the description of poly(acrylates) in the text?
Viscosity, polymerization shrinkage, and photopolymerization
What is the key factor affecting the degradation kinetics of polyesters discussed in the text?
Factors affecting degradation kinetics of polyesters are discussed
What is the focus of the exploration in the text regarding the in vivo biodegradation of PLGA microspheres with different L/G monomer ratios?
The in vivo biodegradation of PLGA microspheres with different L/G monomer ratios is explored
What is detailed in the text regarding the requirements for dental restorative application and the selection of monomer composition?
The requirements for dental restorative application and the selection of monomer composition are detailed
Study Notes
Introduction to Synthetic Polymeric Biomaterials
- Ester bonds can be broken down by hydrolysis
- Synthetic polyesters include PLA, PGA, and PLGA
- PGA is highly crystalline with a high melting point and low solubility in organic solvents
- PLA is semi-crystalline or amorphous, more hydrophobic, and has chiral carbon atoms in the backbone
- PLGA is identified by the molar ratio of its monomers, such as PLGA 75:25
- Factors affecting degradation kinetics of polyesters are discussed
- Different types of polyesters, such as DL-PLG, DL-PLA, L-PLA, PGA, and PCL, are mentioned
- The in vivo biodegradation of PLGA microspheres with different L/G monomer ratios is explored
- Tailored properties for specific biomedical applications, such as sutures and local drug delivery, are discussed
- Examples of non-degradable polymers in clinical use or under investigation are provided, such as PMMA, polyurethane, PTFE, and silicones
- Poly(acrylates) are described, with a focus on viscosity, polymerization shrinkage, and photopolymerization
- The requirements for dental restorative application and the selection of monomer composition are detailed
Test your knowledge of synthetic polymeric biomaterials with this quiz. Explore the breakdown of ester bonds, properties of synthetic polyesters like PLA, PGA, and PLGA, factors affecting degradation kinetics, and tailored properties for biomedical applications. Delve into in vivo biodegradation, non-degradable polymers, and poly(acrylates) in dental restorative applications.
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