Syntax Part 2: Clause Functions 11
21 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the function of the phrase "a nice fellow" in the sentence "Your boss is a nice fellow."?

  • Object Complement
  • Subject
  • Adverbial
  • Subject Complement (correct)

    • Which of the following forms cannot fulfil the function of Subject Complement?

  • Prepositional phrase (correct)
  • Clause
  • Noun phrase
  • Adjective phrase

    • What is the function of the phrase "an extraordinary nuisance" in the sentence "Many people consider the new mayor an extraordinary nuisance."?

  • Prepositional Object
  • Object Complement (correct)
  • Direct Object
  • Subject Complement

    • Which of the following sentence structures demonstrates the constituent order SVOCO?

    <p>She considers him a fool. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phrases is an example of an Adverbial?

    <p>next Tuesday (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of functions identified in the provided text?

    <p>Form and Function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the verb phrase "has staged a superb comeback" in the sentence "Manchester City has staged a superb comeback ending Liverpool’s record run of ten consecutive wins."?

    <p>VERB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a form that can fulfil the function of SUBJECT according to the provided text?

    <p>Verb phrase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the VERB function at the clause level and verb phrases?

    <p>Every verb phrase functions as VERB of a clause at some level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used as a criterion for identifying the SUBJECT in a sentence, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Word order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text imply about the relationship between the SUBJECT in a sentence and its behaviour under passivisation?

    <p>The SUBJECT becomes the AGENT in the passive sentence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the section on "Syntax" in the provided text?

    <p>Identifying the major functions of elements at the clause level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "The Single Most Important Thing To Know About Syntax"?

    <p>Understanding the relationship between form and function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the grammatical function of "the new mayor" in the sentence: "Many people consider the new mayor an extraordinary nuisance"?

    <p>Direct Object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sentences demonstrates the concept of a null subject language?

    <p>Řekla: »Prší!« (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be identified as fulfilling the grammatical function of a Direct Object (OD)?

    <p>A noun phrase, pronoun, or a clause. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criterion is used to identify the Direct Object within a sentence?

    <p>Both position and case, as well as other transformations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sentence "The local council awarded him a scholarship", what is the function of "him"?

    <p>Indirect Object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we identify an Indirect Object in a sentence?

    <p>It can be transformed into a prepositional phrase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about passivisation in English?

    <p>It is possible for both Direct and Indirect Objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is the difference between the Direct Object and the Indirect Object?

    <p>Direct Objects receive the action directly, while Indirect Objects receive it indirectly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Subject Complement (CS)

    A grammatical function that describes the subject using a linking verb.

    Zero Copula

    Absence of a linking verb in a sentence implying a state of being.

    Object Complement (CO)

    A grammatical function that modifies or provides information about the object.

    Adverbial (A)

    A word or phrase that provides additional information about the verb, such as time, place, or manner.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Criteria for Identifying Complements

    Rules to determine if a word or phrase functions as a subject or object complement.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Question Tag

    A short phrase added to the end of a statement for confirmation, e.g., 'isn't it?' or 'don't they?'.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Finite Clause

    A clause that has a subject and a verb, usually conveying a complete thought.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Null-Subject Languages

    Languages that allow the omission of subject pronouns, as the subject can be inferred.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Direct Object (OD)

    A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb directly, answering 'what?' or 'whom?'.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Criteria for Direct Object

    Includes position, case, and behavior under passivisation in a sentence.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Indirect Object (OI)

    A noun or pronoun that indicates to whom or for whom the action is performed.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Criteria for Indirect Object

    Determined by position and can turn into a prepositional phrase for clarification.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Passivisation

    The process of transforming an active sentence into a passive one, where the object becomes the subject.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Immediate constituents

    Parts of a sentence that can be separated and analyzed.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Non-finite clauses

    Clauses that do not have a clear subject-verb relationship or express time.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Verb phrase

    A group of words containing a main verb and its auxiliaries.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Clause function: VERB

    The role of verbs in a clause, typically expressed by a verb phrase.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Subject (S)

    The part of a sentence that indicates who or what the sentence is about.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Noun phrase

    A group of words that functions as the subject or object in a sentence.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Concord

    Agreement in number and person between the subject and verb.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Syntax (Part 2)

    • Syntax is the study of sentence structure in English.
    • Students should be able to identify the immediate constituents, finite and non-finite clauses, and phrases of all types within a well-formed English sentence.
    • Analysis should be performed down to the word-form level, considering form and function.

    Clause Level Functions: VERB

    • A verb phrase always fulfills the function of VERB in a clause.
    • The word "verb" applies both to word classes and clause functions.
    • Forms like "to stage" and "to end" are considered verb classes and clause functions simultaneously.

    Clause Level Functions: SUBJECT

    • A finite clause generally requires a subject.
    • The subject is typically a noun phrase or pronoun.
    • Criteria for identifying a subject include its position, case, concord, behavior under passivization, and in question tags.

    Clause Level Functions: SUBJECT (Null Subjects)

    • Some languages, not English, allow for omission of the subject pronoun.
    • Examples include Czech, Ancient Greek, and Romanian.

    Clause Level Functions: DIRECT OBJECT

    • A direct object is fulfilled by noun phrases or clauses.
    • It follows the verb and receives the action of the verb.
    • Criteria for identifying a direct object include its position, case, and behavior under passive voice.
    • The constituent order in a sentence with a direct object is generally Subject-Verb-Object (SVO).

    Clause Level Functions: INDIRECT OBJECT

    • The indirect object receives the action from the verb, but is indirectly affected.
    • It's often followed by a preposition "to" or "for."
    • The constituent order in such sentences is SVOOD (Subject-Verb-Object-Object)-

    Clause Level Functions: SUBJECT COMPLEMENT

    • The subject complement follows the linking verb and describes the subject.
    • They are typically noun phrases, adjective phrases, or clauses.
    • Common linking verbs include "be," "become," "seem", and others.

    Clause Level Functions: OBJECT COMPLEMENT

    • An object complement describes the direct object and follows the direct object in a sentence.
    • It is semantically linked to the direct object.
    • Often noun phrases or adjective phrases.
    • Order in these sentences is typically SVOCo (e.g., Subject-Verb-Object-Complement).

    Clause Level Functions: ADVERBIAL

    • Adverbials modify the verb phrase or entire clause.
    • They include adverb phrases, prepositional phrases, noun phrases, and clauses.
    • Key criteria for identifying adverbials involve their optionality and mobility within the sentence.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    TS 11 Syntax PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the complexities of syntax, particularly the functions of verbs and subjects within clauses. Students will learn about immediate constituents, finite and non-finite clauses, and the identification criteria for subjects. Ideal for deepening your understanding of English sentence structure.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser