18 Questions
What is the primary cause of hypoglycemia in hepatocellular carcinoma?
Impaired gluconeogenesis due to high levels of insulin growth factor II produced by the tumor
What is the primary cause of hypercalcemia in hepatocellular carcinoma?
A paraneoplastic syndrome due to release of parathyroid hormone-related protein
What is the primary cause of hypercholesterolemia in hepatocellular carcinoma?
A paraneoplastic syndrome with an associated genetic mutation in LDL receptors
Which of the following is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis?
Alcoholic liver disease
What is the primary mechanism of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis?
Increased resistance to blood flow through the liver due to fibrosis and nodule formation
What is the most common type of liver cirrhosis?
Mixed micro- and macro-nodular cirrhosis
Which of the following is the most likely outcome for the majority of patients with acute viral hepatitis?
Complete recovery of liver function
What is the role of the reticular framework of the liver lobules in the recovery from acute viral hepatitis?
It provides a matrix for the regenerating liver cells to grow and repair the damaged liver.
Which of the following is the most likely consequence of the development of liver cirrhosis?
Portal hypertension and its associated complications
What is the primary mechanism by which the development of liver cirrhosis can lead to portal hypertension?
Increased resistance to blood flow through the liver due to scarring and fibrosis
What is the primary difference between mixed micro- and macro-nodular cirrhosis and other forms of cirrhosis?
The presence of both small and large regenerative nodules in the liver
What is the pathophysiological mechanism underlying the development of $eta$-cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia in patients with chronic liver disease?
Decreased clearance of insulin by the damaged liver
What is the medical term for the apparent engulfment of lymphocytes by hepatocytes?
Emperipolesis
Which condition results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver?
Primary biliary cholangitis
What causes the condition known as cholestasis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis?
Bile build-up in the liver
Which disorder is characterized by excess copper stored in various body tissues, particularly the liver, brain, and corneas of the eyes?
Wilson disease
In which condition does the body absorb an excessive amount of iron, leading to deposition mainly in the liver, pancreas, and skin?
Hemochromatosis
Which genetic disorder may lead to the development of lung and/or liver disease?
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Test your knowledge on the symptoms associated with cirrhosis, including hypo-proteinemia, sodium and water retention, hypersplenism, impaired liver functions, and more.
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