30 Questions
What is the main function of the gastrointestinal tract?
Synthesis of hormones
In the context of gastrointestinal symptoms, what do 'Alarm' symptoms indicate?
Symptoms that may signify significant gastrointestinal pathology
What is stomatitis?
Inflammation in the mouth
Why is recognizing organic diseases important among gastrointestinal symptoms?
To distinguish them from non-organic symptoms
What is the role of the enteric nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract?
Controlling gut function and communicating with the nervous systems
Why are malnutrition, viral and bacterial infections, and parasitic infestations significant in developing countries concerning gastrointestinal diseases?
They further exacerbate the gastrointestinal disease picture
What is the primary diagnostic modality for high-grade bowel obstruction?
CT
Which imaging technique is sensitive for small amounts of gas from a perforated viscus?
CT
When should kidney function be assessed before using intravenous contrast in imaging studies?
Before a CT with contrast
Which imaging modality provides an alternative to colonoscopy for diagnosing colon mass lesions?
CT colonography
What type of endoscopic procedure involves a gastroscope with an ultrasound probe at the tip?
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Which imaging technique is widely used for cancer staging and guiding biopsies of tumors or lymph nodes?
CT
What type of diarrhea is characterized by mucosal invasion and presence of fecal leukocytes?
Inflammatory bloody diarrhea
Which of the following viruses can cause acute diarrhea without mucosal invasion and presence of fecal leukocytes?
Rotavirus
What is a common cause of acute diarrhea that leads to mortality, especially in children in developing countries?
Bacterial infections
Which parasite infection is associated with inflammatory bloody diarrhea?
Entamoeba histolytica
How can death due to acute diarrhea with fluid and electrolyte depletion be prevented?
Fluid repletion by oral or intravenous routes
What distinguishes toxin-induced food poisoning from other causes of acute diarrhea?
Mucosal invasion absent
What is the characteristic feature of the fever in the disease described?
Undulating fever with bouts every 3-4 weeks
How is the disease primarily transmitted to humans?
Direct contact through skin abrasions with infected animals
Which method is considered the method of choice for laboratory diagnosis early in the disease?
Blood culture
How is Brucella differentiated from Salmonella in culture?
By urease test
Which type of antibodies are differentiated using ELISA in the serological diagnosis of the disease?
IgM and IgG antibodies
What type of test is the Brucellin test based on?
Intradermal test
What causes impaired micelle formation in the small intestine due to bacterial overgrowth?
Deconjugation of bile salts by cholylamidases
What distinguishes bacterial overgrowth from tropical sprue regarding serum vitamin levels?
Low serum vitamin B12 levels but normal or high folate levels
What is a structural cause that can lead to bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine?
Surgical Ileocecal valve resection
How does bacterial overgrowth affect the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins?
Causes malabsorption due to decreased bile salt concentration
Which condition results in the degradation of brush-border disaccharidases due to bacterial overgrowth?
Scleroderma
How can hypochlorhydria contribute to bacterial overgrowth?
Promoting anaerobic bacterial growth
Test your knowledge on the symptoms and underlying mechanisms of gastrointestinal diseases, as well as the basic diagnostic tools used for these conditions. Learn about the functions of the gastrointestinal tract and the enteric nervous system's role in controlling gut function.
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