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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a synthetic sympathomimetic drug?
Which category does amphetamine fall under based on its chemistry?
Which mechanism does ephedrine predominantly use?
Which drug acts mainly on $a1$ receptors?
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Which drug is selective mainly for $\beta2$ receptors?
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Which drug acts on $a$, $\beta$, and dopamine receptors?
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Which drug falls under the category of a catecholamine and acts mainly on β1 receptors?
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Which drug uses both direct and indirect mechanisms of action?
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Which classification by chemistry does hexoprenaline belong to?
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Which drug primarily stimulates α1 receptors but also has some β activity?
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Which classification category does adrenaline NOT belong to?
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Which drug is both a natural catecholamine in the body and also stimulates α1 receptors?
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Which classification group does amine fall into based on its mechanism of action?
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Study Notes
Sympathomimetics
- Drugs that stimulate adrenoceptors, producing actions similar to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Classification
- Classified according to source: • Natural in the body: adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. • Synthetic: e.g. dobutamine, ephedrine.
Chemical Classification
- Catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, and hexoprenaline.
- Non-catecholamines: ephedrine, amphetamine.
Mechanism of Action
- Direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors: e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline.
- Indirect: release of catecholamines from their stores: e.g. amphetamine.
- Dual mechanism: by direct and indirect mechanisms: e.g. ephedrine.
Selectivity
- Drugs acting mainly on α1 receptors: e.g. noradrenaline, phenylephrine.
- Drugs acting mainly on β receptors: • On β1 mainly: e.g. dobutamine. • On β2 mainly: e.g. salbutamol and terbutaline. • On both β1 and β2: e.g. isoprenaline.
- Drugs acting on α and β receptors: e.g. adrenaline, ephedrine.
- Drugs acting on α, β, and dopamine receptors: dopamine.
Sympathomimetics
- Drugs that stimulate adrenoceptors, producing actions similar to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Classification
- Classified according to source: • Natural in the body: adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. • Synthetic: e.g. dobutamine, ephedrine.
Chemical Classification
- Catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, and hexoprenaline.
- Non-catecholamines: ephedrine, amphetamine.
Mechanism of Action
- Direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors: e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline.
- Indirect: release of catecholamines from their stores: e.g. amphetamine.
- Dual mechanism: by direct and indirect mechanisms: e.g. ephedrine.
Selectivity
- Drugs acting mainly on α1 receptors: e.g. noradrenaline, phenylephrine.
- Drugs acting mainly on β receptors: • On β1 mainly: e.g. dobutamine. • On β2 mainly: e.g. salbutamol and terbutaline. • On both β1 and β2: e.g. isoprenaline.
- Drugs acting on α and β receptors: e.g. adrenaline, ephedrine.
- Drugs acting on α, β, and dopamine receptors: dopamine.
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Description
This quiz covers sympathomimetics, drugs that stimulate adrenoceptors, producing actions similar to sympathetic nerve stimulation. Learn about their classification, chemistry, and mechanism of action.
