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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a synthetic sympathomimetic drug?
Which of the following is a synthetic sympathomimetic drug?
- Dobutamine (correct)
- Dopamine
- Adrenaline
- Noradrenaline
Which category does amphetamine fall under based on its chemistry?
Which category does amphetamine fall under based on its chemistry?
- Natural catecholamines
- Synthetic catecholamines
- Non catecholamines (correct)
- Catecholamines
Which mechanism does ephedrine predominantly use?
Which mechanism does ephedrine predominantly use?
- Direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors
- Indirect release of catecholamines
- Dual mechanisms of direct and indirect (correct)
- None of the above
Which drug acts mainly on $a1$ receptors?
Which drug acts mainly on $a1$ receptors?
Which drug is selective mainly for $\beta2$ receptors?
Which drug is selective mainly for $\beta2$ receptors?
Which drug acts on $a$, $\beta$, and dopamine receptors?
Which drug acts on $a$, $\beta$, and dopamine receptors?
Which drug falls under the category of a catecholamine and acts mainly on β1 receptors?
Which drug falls under the category of a catecholamine and acts mainly on β1 receptors?
Which drug uses both direct and indirect mechanisms of action?
Which drug uses both direct and indirect mechanisms of action?
Which classification by chemistry does hexoprenaline belong to?
Which classification by chemistry does hexoprenaline belong to?
Which drug primarily stimulates α1 receptors but also has some β activity?
Which drug primarily stimulates α1 receptors but also has some β activity?
Which classification category does adrenaline NOT belong to?
Which classification category does adrenaline NOT belong to?
Which drug is both a natural catecholamine in the body and also stimulates α1 receptors?
Which drug is both a natural catecholamine in the body and also stimulates α1 receptors?
Which classification group does amine fall into based on its mechanism of action?
Which classification group does amine fall into based on its mechanism of action?
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Study Notes
Sympathomimetics
- Drugs that stimulate adrenoceptors, producing actions similar to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Classification
- Classified according to source: • Natural in the body: adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. • Synthetic: e.g. dobutamine, ephedrine.
Chemical Classification
- Catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, and hexoprenaline.
- Non-catecholamines: ephedrine, amphetamine.
Mechanism of Action
- Direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors: e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline.
- Indirect: release of catecholamines from their stores: e.g. amphetamine.
- Dual mechanism: by direct and indirect mechanisms: e.g. ephedrine.
Selectivity
- Drugs acting mainly on α1 receptors: e.g. noradrenaline, phenylephrine.
- Drugs acting mainly on β receptors: • On β1 mainly: e.g. dobutamine. • On β2 mainly: e.g. salbutamol and terbutaline. • On both β1 and β2: e.g. isoprenaline.
- Drugs acting on α and β receptors: e.g. adrenaline, ephedrine.
- Drugs acting on α, β, and dopamine receptors: dopamine.
Sympathomimetics
- Drugs that stimulate adrenoceptors, producing actions similar to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
Classification
- Classified according to source: • Natural in the body: adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine. • Synthetic: e.g. dobutamine, ephedrine.
Chemical Classification
- Catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, and hexoprenaline.
- Non-catecholamines: ephedrine, amphetamine.
Mechanism of Action
- Direct stimulation of adrenergic receptors: e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline.
- Indirect: release of catecholamines from their stores: e.g. amphetamine.
- Dual mechanism: by direct and indirect mechanisms: e.g. ephedrine.
Selectivity
- Drugs acting mainly on α1 receptors: e.g. noradrenaline, phenylephrine.
- Drugs acting mainly on β receptors: • On β1 mainly: e.g. dobutamine. • On β2 mainly: e.g. salbutamol and terbutaline. • On both β1 and β2: e.g. isoprenaline.
- Drugs acting on α and β receptors: e.g. adrenaline, ephedrine.
- Drugs acting on α, β, and dopamine receptors: dopamine.
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