ANATOMY 5
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Question: Select the TRUE statement about the sympathetic trunk.

  • It has a constant, fixed number of ganglia.
  • It lies anterior to the vertebrae in the thorax
  • It extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx (correct)
  • It receives white rami throughout its extent

    • Question: Which of the following dural venous sinuses drains the cavernous sinuses directly into the internal jugular vein?

  • Inferior petrosal sinus (correct)
  • Sigmoid sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus

    • Question: The sympathetic ganglia that lie close to large abdominal arteries are the:

  • Terminal ganglia
  • Paravertebral ganglia
  • Prevertebral ganglia (correct)
  • Spinal ganglia

    • Question: White matter of the CNS is composed of:

    <p>Aggregations of myelinated axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior and inferior gluteal arteries arise from the

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: A group of cell bodies of neurons located outside the CNS are called:

    <p>Ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: At any given moment, which cardiovascular components contain the most blood?

    <p>The systemic veins and venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which structure is not located in the region of the brain known as the mesencephalon?

    <p>Oliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The middle part of the maxillary artery is located in the:

    <p>Infratemporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The thoracic duct usually drains into the:

    <p>Junction of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Each of the following statements concerning the axillary artery is correct except:

    <p>It begins at the inferior border of teres major muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following nerves passes through the superficial inguinal ring?

    <p>Ilioinguinal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel in all of the following nerves except the:

    <p>Inferior alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which artery accompanies the radial nerve to supply the posterior compartment of the arm?

    <p>Profunda brachii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which nerve innervates the taste buds on the apex and body of the tongue?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The limbic system includes the following parts, except:

    <p>Insula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following statements about the thoracic duct is false?

    <p>It receives drainage from the right cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following nerve-plexus associations is incorrect?

    <p>Axillary nerve – Cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following statements concerning arterial blood supply of rectum is false?

    <p>The middle rectal arteries are branches of the external iliac arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following nerves sends branches to the muscles of the arm?

    <p>Musculocutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Destruction of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion would affect all of the following except:

    <p>Contraction of the thoracic diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Sensory innervation of the cornea (corneal reflex) is absent in the lesion of:

    <p>Ophthalmic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: What would be found within the central canal of the spinal cord?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Identify the nerve of the brachial plexus that supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm:

    <p>Radial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The cauda equina is:

    <p>The roots of spinal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following structures is NOT found in the posterior mediastinum?

    <p>Aortic arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following combinations relating plexus to nerve derivation is incorrect?

    <p>Lumbar plexus and the median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following flows directly into the inferior vena cava?

    <p>Hepatic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: False concerning the trigeminal nerve is:

    <p>Emerges from the medulla as separate sensory and motor roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The following openings do not form apertures in the roof of the fourth ventricle, except:

    <p>Median aperture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Each of the following structures is in the popliteal fossa except the:

    <p>Popliteus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: In which of the following would synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers occur?

    <p>Celiac ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Identify the correct statement:

    <p>The anterior intercostal arteries are either direct or indirect branches of the internal thoracic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The cell bodies of both afferent and efferent nerve fibers in visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk are located in:

    <p>Intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus is the:

    <p>Third ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The following important nuclei lie beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle, except:

    <p>Trochlear nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The three arteries that branch from the celiac artery to supply the digestive organs are:

    <p>Left gastric, common hepatic, splenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The ... is the first large branch of the aorta:

    <p>Brachiocephalic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following nerves contain parasympathetic fibers?

    <p>Pelvic splanchnics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: All of the following are true statements about the azygos system of veins EXCEPT that:

    <p>It communicates with the common iliac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: All of the following are pathways of touch, except:

    <p>Dorsal spinocerebellar tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: At the junction of the falx cerebri with tentorium cerebelli lies the:

    <p>Straight sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Cell bodies of motor neurons to skeletal muscles are located in the:

    <p>Anterior horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Parasympathetic neurons are located in the:

    <p>Brain stem and sacral spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The chorda tympani carries:

    <p>Parasympathetic fibres for the submandibular gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Which of the following venous sinuses of the dura mater drains the blood directly into the internal jugular vein?

    <p>Inferior petrosal sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The chorda tympani:

    <p>Brings parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: Each of the following statements concerning the motor nerve fibers of the face is correct, except:

    <p>They are branches of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: All the following veins drain into the coronary sinus except the:

    <p>Anterior cardiac veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Question: The middle ear is normally filled with:

    <p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sympathetic Trunk

    • The sympathetic trunk is a chain of ganglia that runs along the vertebral column.
    • It is part of the sympathetic nervous system.

    Dural Venous Sinuses

    • The superior sagittal sinus drains the cavernous sinuses directly into the internal jugular vein.

    Sympathetic Ganglia

    • The sympathetic ganglia that lie close to large abdominal arteries are the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.

    White Matter

    • White matter of the CNS is composed of myelinated axons of neurons.

    Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries

    • The superior and inferior gluteal arteries arise from the internal iliac artery.

    Ganglion

    • A group of cell bodies of neurons located outside the CNS are called a ganglion.

    Blood Distribution

    • At any given moment, the majority of blood is found in the systemic veins.

    Mesencephalon

    • The oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus, and substantia nigra are located in the mesencephalon.
    • The hippocampus is not located in the mesencephalon.

    Maxillary Artery

    • The middle part of the maxillary artery is located in the pterygopalatine fossa.

    Thoracic Duct

    • The thoracic duct usually drains into the left subclavian vein, at the junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins.

    Axillary Artery

    • The axillary artery is responsible for supplying the shoulder and upper arm.
    • It does not give rise to the deep brachial artery.

    Superficial Inguinal Ring

    • The ilioinguinal nerve passes through the superficial inguinal ring.

    Parasympathetic Fibers

    • Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel in all of the following nerves except the thoracic spinal nerves.

    Radial Nerve

    • The deep brachial artery accompanies the radial nerve to supply the posterior compartment of the arm.

    Taste Buds

    • The chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve innervates the taste buds on the apex and body of the tongue.

    Limbic System

    • The limbic system includes the hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and hypothalamus.
    • The cerebellum is not part of the limbic system.

    Thoracic Duct

    • The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body and receives lymph from the lower limbs, abdomen, left upper limb, and left side of the head and neck.
    • It does not empty into the right subclavian vein.

    Nerve-Plexus Associations

    • The brachial plexus is associated with the axillary nerve.

    Rectal Blood Supply

    • The inferior mesenteric artery supplies the rectum.
    • The superior rectal artery, a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery, is the main artery that supplies the rectum.

    Arm Muscles

    • The musculocutaneous nerve sends branches to the muscles of the arm.

    Superior Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion

    • Destruction of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion would affect the pupil dilation, sweating on the face, and blood vessel constriction.
    • It would not affect the breathing.

    Corneal Reflex

    • The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory innervation to the cornea.
    • A lesion in the ophthalmic branch would cause an absent corneal reflex.

    Central Canal

    • The central canal of the spinal cord contains cerebrospinal fluid.

    Posterior Compartment of Arm

    • The radial nerve supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.

    Cauda Equina

    • The cauda equina is a bundle of spinal nerve roots that extend from the end of the spinal cord.
    • It is located in the lumbar and sacral regions.

    Posterior Mediastinum

    • The esophagus, thoracic aorta, and azygos vein are found in the posterior mediastinum.
    • The superior vena cava is not found in the posterior mediastinum.

    Plexus-Nerve Derivation

    • The lumbosacral plexus is associated with the sciatic nerve.

    Inferior Vena Cava

    • The common iliac vein flows directly into the inferior vena cava.

    Trigeminal Nerve

    • The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is responsible for sensation in the face.
    • It is not a motor nerve to the muscles of mastication.

    Fourth Ventricle

    • The median aperture and the lateral aperture form apertures in the roof of the fourth ventricle.
    • The foramen of Magendie is the median aperture.

    Popliteal Fossa

    • The popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, and common fibular nerve are located in the popliteal fossa.
    • The femoral artery is not located in the popliteal fossa.

    Sympathetic Preganglionic and Postganglionic Fibers

    • Synapses between sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers typically occur in the sympathetic ganglia located in the sympathetic trunk.

    Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Systems

    • The sympathetic nervous system generally stimulates and mobilizes the body, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy and promotes "rest and digest" functions.

    Cell Bodies of Visceral Branches

    • The cell bodies of both afferent and efferent nerve fibers in visceral branches of the sympathetic trunk are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord.

    Hypothalamus

    • Superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus lies the third ventricle.

    Fourth Ventricle Nuclei

    • The vestibular nuclei, cochlear nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus lie beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.
    • The red nucleus is not located there.

    Celiac Artery Branches

    • The three arteries that branch from the celiac artery to supply the digestive organs are the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery.

    First Large Branch of the Aorta

    • The brachiocephalic trunk is the first large branch of the aorta.

    Parasympathetic Fibers

    • The vagus nerve, oculomotor nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and pelvic splanchnic nerves contain parasympathetic fibers.

    Azygos System of Veins

    • The azygos system of veins is located in the thoracic cavity and drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, esophagus, and mediastinum.
    • It does not drain into the superior vena cava.

    Pathways of Touch

    • The dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway, spinothalamic pathway, and spinocerebellar pathway are pathways of touch.
    • The corticospinal pathway is not a pathway of touch.

    Falx Cerebri and Tentorium Cerebelli

    • At the junction of the falx cerebri with tentorium cerebelli lies the straight sinus.

    Motor Neuron Cell Bodies

    • Cell bodies of motor neurons to skeletal muscles are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.

    Parasympathetic Neurons

    • Parasympathetic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral spinal cord.

    Chorda Tympani

    • The chorda tympani carries taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

    Dural Venous Sinuses

    • The sigmoid sinus drains the blood directly into the internal jugular vein.

    Chorda Tympani

    • The chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve.

    Motor Nerve Fibers of the Face

    • The facial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression.
    • It is not responsible for innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.

    Coronary Sinus

    • The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein drain into the coronary sinus.
    • The anterior cardiac vein does not.

    Middle Ear

    • The middle ear is normally filled with air.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about the sympathetic trunk in the human body. This quiz includes questions that assess your understanding of its function, anatomy, and significance. Ideal for students studying anatomy or physiology.

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