Developmental disorders of bones and joints

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Questions and Answers

The picture above is describing symmetrical dwarfism

True (A)

The picture above is displaying a dog with disproportionate dwarfism

True (A)

What is chondrodysplasia?

  • A nutritional disorder affecting bone density
  • A hereditary disorder of bone growth due to primary lesions in growth cartilage (correct)
  • A bacterial infection of the growth plates
  • A condition caused by vitamin D deficiency

What type of dwarfism is characterized by short limbs but a normal-sized head?

<p>Disproportionate dwarfism (aka chondrodysplasia) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following breeds is an example of a chondrodysplastic dog?

<p>Dachshund (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between chondrodysplasia (CDPA) and chondrodystrophy (CDDY)?

<p>CDPA only affects the limbs, while CDDY also affects intervertebral discs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do chondrodysplastic dogs have short legs but normal-sized heads?

<p>The bones of the skull arise from intramembranous ossification rather than endochondral ossification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What skeletal structure is most commonly affected by the failure of endochondral ossification in chondrodysplasia?

<p>Radius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

___________ error leads to failed endochondral ossification in dogs with chondrodysplasia

<p>Genetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does chondrodysplasia often resemble rickets grossly?

<p>Both conditions involve extra cartilage due to failed endochondral ossification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breed is associated with the "snorter" form of bovine chondrodysplasia?

<p>Hereford (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is FALSE about Bovine chondrodysplasia aka “Snorter”

<p>Long broad head with bulging forehead and slightly protruding mandible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of "Bulldog Calf" chondrodysplasia in Dexter cattle?

<p>Extremely short limbs, short domed head, and protruding mandible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dexters may carry an incompletely recessive gene

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding bulldog calf “Dexters” is true?

<p>Protruding tongue due to shortened skull bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Spider Lamb Syndrome?

<p>It results in long-limbed deformities and requires radiographic confirmation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Spider Lamb Syndrome primarily affects which breed of sheep?

<p>Suffolk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic mutation is responsible for Spider Lamb Syndrome?

<p>Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 (FGF-3) Mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which breeds are known to be affected by bovine osteopetrosis?

<p>Angus (B), Hereford (C), Simmental (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of bovine osteopetrosis?

<p>A defect in osteoclastic bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bovine Osteopetrosis is an autosomal recessive gene

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are calves with osteopetrosis often anemic?

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What skeletal abnormality is commonly found in calves with bovine osteopetrosis?

<p>Butterfly vertebrae formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of bird osteopetrosis?

<p>Excess bone production from osteoblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of porcine hyperostosis?

<p>Deposition of new bone along the periosteum of long bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones are primarily affected in porcine hyperostosis?

<p>Radius and ulna (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

<p>Red-brown discoloration of teeth and bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme deficiency causes congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

<p>Uroporphyrinogen III co-synthetase (UROS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What compounds accumulate in blood, bone, and tissues due to congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

<p>Uroporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary defect in osteogenesis imperfecta?

<p>Defect in type I collagen formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign of osteogenesis imperfecta?

<p>Thickened bones with increased density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is osteogenesis imperfecta not commonly seen in modern cattle populations?

<p>Carriers are culled to prevent inheritance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of osteogenesis imperfecta in utero?

<p>Rib fractures before birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic dental abnormality seen in animals with osteogenesis imperfecta?

<p>Fractured teeth with defective dentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following limb malformations refers to the complete absence of digits?

<p>Adactyly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Syndactyly aka mule feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Polydactyly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Polymelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Amelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly, characterized by seal like shortened limbs?

<p>Phocomelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly? What is missing?

<p>Peromelia; the distal portion of the limb is missing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly? Describe the anomaly.

<p>Kyphosis; it’s an excess outward (dorsal) curve of spine aka hunchback</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly? Describe the anomaly?

<p>Lordosis; excess inward (ventral) curve of spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

This is caused by a plant toxicity , often through a teratogenic effect on the fetus

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly? Describe the anomaly

<p>Athrogryposis; a congenital joint contracture from different viruses and plant toxicities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Prognathia—- an underbite</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name to describe this malformation anomaly?

<p>Brachygnathia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of angular limb deformities?

<p>Asymmetric lesion in a rapidly growing physis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of angular limb deformities?

<p>Excessive calcium supplementation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Angular limb deformities are most commonly seen in?

<p>Foals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a condition where the limbs bend laterally?

<p>Varus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct term for a knocked-knee angular limb deformity, where the limbs bend medially?

<p>Valgus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue in hip dysplasia?

<p>Insufficient acetabular coverage of the femoral head (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The exact cause of hip dysplasia is:

<p>Unknown, but involves both genetic and environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factors contribute to hip dysplasia?

<p>High birth weight and obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the summaries of the defects in bone development

<p>Osteopetrosis = defect in bone remodeling- osteoclasts in mammals; osteoblasts in birds Porphyria = Brown bones but normal strength Osteochondrosis = Defect in endochondrial ossification = abnormal cartilage Osteogenesis imperfecta = Defect in bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the summaries of the defects in bone development

<p>Chondrodysplasia = Defects in cartilage formation (dwarfism) Congenital hyperostosis = Genetic disorder with abnormal periosteal deposition of bone Arthrogryposis = Toxin or hereditary Angular limb deformities = Hereditary or acquired disruption in physis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is chondrodysplasia?

A hereditary bone growth disorder caused by primary lesions in growth cartilage.

Disproportionate dwarfism

A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs and a normal-sized head.

Chondrodysplastic breed example

Dachshunds are a typical example.

CDPA vs. CDDY

CDPA only affects the limbs; CDDY affects limbs and intervertebral discs.

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Why normal-sized heads?

Their skull bones develop via intramembranous ossification, not endochondral ossification.

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Bone most affected

The radius is most commonly affected.

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Cause of failed ossification

A genetic error leads to failed endochondral ossification.

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Resembles rickets grossly

Both involve extra cartilage due to failed endochondral ossification.

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Snorter dwarfism breed

Hereford cattle

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"Bulldog Calf" features

Extremely short limbs, short domed head, and protruding mandible.

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