Symbiosis and Normal Flora

Under normal circumstances, where is a fetus free of microbes?

What event exposes a newborn to microbes?

What term describes a close relationship between two different species in a community?

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism and neither harms nor helps the other?

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits one organism while harming the other?

Which type of symbiotic relationship involves one organism inhibiting the growth of another without being affected itself?

Resident flora are microorganisms that:

In a healthy person, normal flora are usually:

When the balance is interrupted, what can normal flora become?

A pathogen entering the “wrong” portal of entry will likely result in:

Which of the following is a portal of entry for pathogens?

Which of the following can cross the placenta and potentially harm the fetus?

What term describes the degree of pathogenicity of a specific microbe?

What is the first step of infection?

Where does colonization typically occur?

What process involves disrupting the host cell membrane and barriers?

Which mechanism do pathogens use to avoid host defenses?

What is the ability of an organism to produce toxins called?

What is the normal microbiota also called?

An example of resident flora is:

What is not considered a portal of entry?

When can normal flora cause disease?

What is symbiosis?

What is mutualism?

What is commensalism?

What is parasitism?

What is virulence?

By what means does Adhesion occur?

What is Toxigenesis?

Which of the following is not a way that pathogens avoid the host defense

Toxins target sites:

What is the role of invasins?

What type of toxins do bacteria produce?

During what process does a newborn typically first encounter microbes?

What term describes the general interaction between different species within a shared environment?

In what type of symbiotic relationship does one organism benefit and the other is harmed?

What term describes normal flora that are present for only a short time?

Under what condition can normal flora cause disease?

What term describes where pathogens gain entry into the host?

Which of the following is an example of a portal of entry?

What structure allows certain microbes to cross to infect a fetus?

What is the degree of pathogenicity of a specific microbe called?

What is the initial step of infection?

Where does colonization of pathogens usually occur?

What is the capacity of an organism to generate toxins called?

What is the term for the body's normal, permanent microbial inhabitants?

What is the term used to describe the disruption of the host cell membrane by pathogens?

What is a major mechanism used by pathogens to avoid being destroyed by host defenses?

What kind of toxin can bacterial toxins act on?

What term explains a relationship wherein one organism hinders the growth of another without being directly affected?

What is the expected outcome if a pathogen attempts to enter through a non-preferred portal?

What benefits do both E. coli andhumans experience in their relationship when E. coli resides in the human GI tract?

What do pili and cell membrane protiens facilitate during infection?

Which of the following is most likely to inhabit the ear?

Which of the following keeps the normal flora from causing diseases?

What is the name of the microbes that cause spontaneous abortions?

What keeps pathogens from being consumed?

A microbe gains access to the body through the skin. What portal of entry would that be considered?

If a person gets T.B., what category of symbiosis caused this disease?

If Bacillus Laterosporus prevent the grown of candida, what symbiotic relationship would that be?

A microbe inhibits phagocytic engulfment, so that it is harder to consume the bacteria. This would be under what general virulence factor category?

What is the virulence factor associated with pili?

What does Rubivirus cause when it crosses the placenta?

If a microbe produces products that kill or damage phagocytes before or after ingestion. That would be under what type of virulence factor?

Which of the following is likely to be classified as transient flora?

The digestive tract is in contact with the external environment. What virulence factor is best represented by this statement?

Which virulence factor refers to disrupting the host cell membrane and barriers?

What relationship describes the interaction where one species benefits while the other remains unaffected?