Untitled Quiz

<p>They result in increased behavioral issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may precipitate coercive behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals falsely claiming Indigenous heritage for personal gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared experiences of Indigenous peoples and their relations with settlers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historical policies and processes of oppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will cement the entry on their record for life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold young people accountable while promoting rehabilitation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Targets youth with serious violent offences only. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-5 years after completing the sentence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The court must automatically accept it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The youth must have a formal diagnosis of a mental disorder. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Custody Supervision Order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide treatment plans managed in the community. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It outlines the plea inquiry process for youth offenders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They risk breaching the privacy of vulnerable youths. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To justify custodial sentences with clear principles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stern lecture or warning from a judge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be proportionate to the offence and the youth’s responsibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>16% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-Association Clause (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Youth Criminal Justice Act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elements that address poverty, racism, and self-determination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If they commit a serious offence with no record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>48% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trauma and victimization within Indigenous populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep youth out of the justice system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Youth can have up to nine separate conditions upon release. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Search for identity and status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perception of youth-hood by police (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often experience immaturity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involving more youth in the criminal justice system as offenders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7-10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A judge's discussion with the youth about their future choices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-Black racism that occurs during initial police contact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of drugs and harmful substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Admitting guilt to the offence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Section 29 (2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feelings of embarrassment and vulnerability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Racism and stereotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If they are charged with a violent crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor and support the youth justice system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marginalization and disenfranchisement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perceptions of youth being treated as adults (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often resist and do not benefit much. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are frequently rejected and isolated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plans based on personal circumstances and needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often lack trust and sustainable relationships with their families. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Education is mandated by law despite challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often face disciplinary actions for same-sex relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Males are often involved in more violent offenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often abandon treatment more than boys. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They feel judged and discriminated against in the system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often experience increased vulnerability to various issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Male and female youth commit similar types of crimes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are much less likely to be adopted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The various stages through which crime data is processed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30% of boys and 15% of girls engaged in violent behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many youth crimes go unreported or unrecorded (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures the volume and seriousness of youth crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social exclusion and poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Youth often lack understanding of their rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Youth must be informed of their right to remain silent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasonable grounds to believe evidence is present (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous youth are proportionately more represented in corrections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Crown meets with the judge and the defense lawyer to discuss the case (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Community disorganization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mental health issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parents must always be informed of the arrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alternative to court proceedings avoiding a criminal record (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canadian law that governs the handling of youth involved in the justice system, emphasizing community-based solutions and a presumption against pre-trial detention.

Alternative methods for dealing with youth offences, such as police warnings, cautions, and conferences.

Rules imposed on a youth released from custody before a trial, designed to ensure their appearance in court and prevent further offences.

Keeping a youth in custody before their trial, used as a last resort and should be based on potential danger to the public or the history of failing to appear or commit further offences.

Canadian law, now replaced by YCJA, that largely did not address diversion.

Expanding the reach of the criminal justice system to include individuals and behaviours that were previously not considered criminal offences .

Avoiding the formal justice system for youth, commonly used in minor or first-time offences, with community-based intervention.

Community-based groups that involve citizens to guide and improve the youth justice system.

Meetings involving families, victims, and offenders to restore harm caused by a youth’s offence.

A formal warning from a judge to a youth about their behavior, in an alternative to the formal process.

Non-legal considerations, like housing and social background, that can influence bail decisions.

Informal process of dealing with youth, commonly used to give warnings or cautions.

Formal warning by police or formal letter of warning that takes into consideration the seriousness of offense, prior record, and attitude.

The release of a youth from custody before their trial, often subject to imposed conditions.

Girls with impulse control/aggression disorders are significantly more likely to commit crimes (11 times more likely).

Placement in child protection services, especially with boys, and lack of special needs services creates problems for girls, often connected with family disruptions.

A history of drug use, especially when linked to a lack of parental control, is a strong predictor of repeat offending in females.

Younger age at first offense and lower severity of initial offenses are linked to a higher chance of repeat offending.

Truancy (missing school) is a frequent status offense leading to court referrals.

Indigenous includes First Nations, Metis, and Inuit people.

Individuals falsely claiming Indigenous heritage for personal gain.

Indigenous crime is often viewed as a result of historical trauma and victimization.

Methods used to estimate the amount of youth crime in Canada, including self-reports, official records, and victimization surveys.

A model illustrating the decrease in crime reported from actual occurrences to solved cases.

Data collected by police, courts, and corrections agencies about youth crime.

Data from self-reports and victim surveys providing a broader picture of youth crime

Patterns in youth crime rates over time.

A scoring system that accounts for the volume and severity of youth offences; each offense has a weight based on average sentences.

The act of detaining a youth, requiring notifying parents, and ensuring access to legal counsel, different from adult arrests.

Statements are inadmissible if coerced. Youth often lack the sophistication to understand rights, making voluntariness a significant issue.

Alternative to court proceedings allowing youth to resolve issues without a criminal record.

Warrants are not always required for searches of youth in custody.

Police actions may be influenced by personal biases, affecting investigations and interactions.

Legal justification for an arrest, based on evidence supporting the belief that an offense was committed.

A confession is inadmissible if not voluntary or if the process violated rights.

Searches require reasonable grounds and should not be done for 'fishing'; a warrant may be necessary to search a youth's room.

Modifications to the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) regarding questioning, including videotaping of statements, time limitations, and bans on police trickery.

Adults don't have access but 17-19 year olds denied legal aid can compel aid to pay for attorney services.

Crime severity dictates record retention, usually maximum 2 years; trials at 19 have records lasting 3-5 years after sentencing or probation end.

96% of youth court cases end in guilty pleas due to pressures, but some adult-equivalent plea inquiry procedures apply by law.

Youth Criminal Justice Act aims for accountability, rehabilitation, reintegration of youth and protects youth rights.

Custody is reserved for violent offenses, serious indictable crimes with prior convictions.

Intensive Rehab. Custody involves treatment for violent youth with diagnosed psychological disorders.

⅔ custody + ⅓ community-based supervision. A sentencing order designed to involve community supervision in a custodial setting.

Conditional sentence, not for serious injuries, an alternative to immediate custody.

6-month check-in for youth who need supervision but want to attend school - a sentencing order for cases involving mistrust.

More intensive than probation; involves more frequent meetings with probation and support services.

A sentencing ordered participation in programs that focus on the impact of criminal offenses on the community.

A stern lecture/warning from a judge.

Specialized courts for youth with mental health issues or addiction problems that involve close interaction with mental health providers; to ensure timely interventions.

Mental health issues are higher among youth in the justice system, increasing the likelihood of involvement and impacting outcomes and success.

Costs vary based on type of custody; closed custody is more expensive than open-custody, with probation being the least.

Some youth in programs feel isolated and don't fully benefit, often due to involuntary participation and resistance to learning.

Rehabilitation programs may be perceived as punishment for vulnerable youth, with problems in assessment, reporting, education, counseling, and recreation.

A report by a probation officer outlining the youth's plans for change, assessment of the crime, and background.

LGBTQ youth often face discrimination, maltreatment, and instability within the system due to rejection and overlooking their experiences.

Many LGBTQ youth have little connection to their birth families or communities, often leading to challenges with parents and caregivers upon disclosure.

LGBTQ youth experience rejection from peers, caregivers, and social workers due to their different identities.

Female youth offenders commit fewer crimes than male youth.

Female delinquency is linked to school failure, teen pregnancy, and mental health issues.

Interventions for girls should address their distinct needs and experiences.

Females are less likely to receive mental health treatment.

Attempted pressure or efforts to change a person's sexual orientation.

Achieving stability for youth in the child welfare system, which is often challenging for LGBTQ youth.

LGBTQ youth are more likely to age out of foster care and run away.

Youth often commit offenses such as theft, common assault, and violations of the justice system.

Intervention approach must be specific and tailored to the specific needs of each gender.

Indigenous youth are significantly more likely to be arrested, incarcerated, or involved in the justice system than non-Indigenous youth, even though they make up a smaller portion of the total youth population.

Trauma experienced across generations, passed down in Indigenous families and communities due to colonization and historical injustices like residential schools.

The process by which Indigenous youth are more likely to be perceived as criminals, leading to a higher involvement in the justice system, due to systemic biases and lack of proper support systems.

The lasting effects of residential schools on Indigenous peoples, including intergenerational trauma and contributing to higher rates of crime.

Groups of youth, often Indigenous, that offer a sense of belonging and identity but may lead to criminal activity.

A notable absence of complete data on Indigenous victimization, which makes it difficult to understand the complete picture.

Black youth are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system, highlighting racial disparities in policing and treatment.

A process in which Black youth are treated as if they are older and more responsible for their actions in the justice system, denying them age-appropriate protections.

Systemic racism that leads to differences in treatment for Black people within the justice system, potentially from police.

Policing practices in certain neighborhoods that disproportionately target and affect racialized communities.

Difficulties faced by homeless youth including, but not limited to, poor nutrition, victimization, higher-risk substance abuse, and limited access to essential services.

Essential aspects central to Indigenous cultures that need to be understood and considered for appropriate interventions and policies.

Recognizing the importance of family and community in the wellbeing of Indigenous youth and in addressing their issues, particularly criminal behavior.

Empowering individuals to make their own decisions and shape their lives, which is a cornerstone of many Indigenous communities’ rights.

Canada's history of colonization and its impact on Indigenous peoples, contributing to social and economic issues and often leading to criminal behavior. Cultural erasure and intergenerational problems exist in Canada’s history of colonization.