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Questions and Answers
What is the role of exfoliative toxins produced by hyicus in piglets?
What is the role of exfoliative toxins produced by hyicus in piglets?
How do newborn piglets primarily become colonized with hyicus?
How do newborn piglets primarily become colonized with hyicus?
What is a common characteristic of antibiotic resistance in treating S.hyicus?
What is a common characteristic of antibiotic resistance in treating S.hyicus?
Which condition is associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?
Which condition is associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?
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What is a significant effect of the exfoliative toxin produced by S.hyicus on piglets?
What is a significant effect of the exfoliative toxin produced by S.hyicus on piglets?
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What are the typical clinical signs associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
What are the typical clinical signs associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?
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What is a method used for diagnosing S.hyicus infections?
What is a method used for diagnosing S.hyicus infections?
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Which of the following best describes the pathogenic mechanisms of E.rhusiopathiae?
Which of the following best describes the pathogenic mechanisms of E.rhusiopathiae?
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What is the primary characteristic of Staphylococcus hyicus?
What is the primary characteristic of Staphylococcus hyicus?
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What is a common outcome of infections caused by Staphylococcus hyicus in young pigs?
What is a common outcome of infections caused by Staphylococcus hyicus in young pigs?
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Which virulence factor of Staphylococcus hyicus helps it avoid clearance from the host?
Which virulence factor of Staphylococcus hyicus helps it avoid clearance from the host?
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What is the transmission method for Staphylococcus hyicus?
What is the transmission method for Staphylococcus hyicus?
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What is a key challenge in treating greasy pig disease?
What is a key challenge in treating greasy pig disease?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of greasy pig disease?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of greasy pig disease?
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What condition is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?
What condition is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?
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What is one effective strategy for preventing ringworm in pigs?
What is one effective strategy for preventing ringworm in pigs?
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What mechanism allows Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to avoid host defenses?
What mechanism allows Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to avoid host defenses?
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What is the primary mode of spread for Microsporum nanum?
What is the primary mode of spread for Microsporum nanum?
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Which clinical feature is characteristic of dermatophytosis?
Which clinical feature is characteristic of dermatophytosis?
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What type of immunity does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae display in terms of antibiotic resistance?
What type of immunity does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae display in terms of antibiotic resistance?
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What is a significant diagnostic method for detecting dermatophytes?
What is a significant diagnostic method for detecting dermatophytes?
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What characteristic feature marks the inflammatory response from dermatophyte infection?
What characteristic feature marks the inflammatory response from dermatophyte infection?
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What type of vaccine is used for the prevention of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections?
What type of vaccine is used for the prevention of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections?
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What is the primary role of keratinases produced by dermatophytes?
What is the primary role of keratinases produced by dermatophytes?
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Study Notes
Swine Skin Disease Overview
- Swine skin diseases include various conditions caused by different pathogens
- Key pathogens include Staphylococcus hyicus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Microsporum nanum
Staphylococcus hyicus
- Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, cocci in clusters
- Part of the normal skin microbiota
- Transmission via direct or indirect contact
- Causes greasy pig disease (exudative epidermitis) in young pigs
- Symptoms include reddish/copper-colored skin, developing dark, greasy, scab-like scales that peel off
- Further symptoms include anorexia, dehydration, weakness, and depression
- Pathogenic mechanisms include colonization of newborns from the dam, avoidance of host defenses (antiphagocytic capsule), and production of toxins (exfoliative toxins that cleave porcine desmoglein 1, causing intraepidermal cleavage plane) leading to loss of skin layers and dehydration
Staphylococcus hyicus: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and culture of exudates/skin scrapings
- Common antibiotic resistance in S. hyicus
- Treatment includes good hygienic practices and autogenous bacterins
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, slender bacillus
- Part of the normal gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid tissue microbiota in pigs
- Pigs acquire this organism by ingestion
- Causes erysipelas (diamond skin disease)
- Symptoms include acute septicemic disease, fever, anorexia, depression, vomiting, and skin lesions
- Subsequent subacute and chronic disease may become apparent
- Chronic disease may include arthritis and vegetative endocarditis
- Zoonotic disease
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Pathogenic Mechanisms
- Bacteria ingested by pigs
- Avoidance of host defenses (adherence via multiple afimbrial adhesins, inhibiting complement deposition using capsule and cell surface protein; facultative intracellular pathogen)
- Production of neuraminidase and endothelial damage
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis involves culturing blood or skin lesions
- Treatment includes the use of penicillins (as they are effective) and modified live vaccines/bacterins.
Microsporum nanum
- Obligate aerobic molds
- Macroconidia and microconidia formed from aerial hyphae (in free living forms)
- Arthroconidia in parasitic form
- Part of the normal soil microbiota
- Transmission via contact
- Causes ringworm (tinea, dermatophytosis)
- Symptoms including erythema, pustules, scaling, and crusting
- Lesions are generally superficial
Microsporum nanum: Pathogenic Mechanisms
- Conidia enter skin through breaks
- Adaptation to host environment (adhering to stratum corneum)
- Germination
- Thermotolerance
- Production of spreading factors (keratinases and proteases)
- Inflammatory response leading to a ring-shaped lesion
Microsporum nanum: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis involves observing hairs and scales in mineral oil/KOH, fungal culture on dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
- Treatment involves the use of topical antifungals and good sanitation.
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Description
Explore the various swine skin diseases and their causes, particularly focusing on Staphylococcus hyicus. This quiz covers transmission methods, symptoms, pathogenic mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches. Perfect for veterinary students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of porcine health.
