Swine Skin Disease Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of exfoliative toxins produced by hyicus in piglets?

  • Enhance immune response
  • Cleave porcine desmoglein 1 (correct)
  • Promote healthy skin function
  • Inhibit bacterial growth

How do newborn piglets primarily become colonized with hyicus?

  • From the dam (correct)
  • By contact with other infected pigs
  • Through contaminated water
  • From bacteria present in the environment

What is a common characteristic of antibiotic resistance in treating S.hyicus?

  • No resistance seen in this species
  • Resistance is common (correct)
  • Resistance is rare and easily managed
  • Lack of effective antibiotic options

Which condition is associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?

<p>Diamond skin disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of the exfoliative toxin produced by S.hyicus on piglets?

<p>Leads to intraepidermal blisters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical clinical signs associated with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

<p>Skin lesions and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method used for diagnosing S.hyicus infections?

<p>Culture of exudates or skin scrapings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pathogenic mechanisms of E.rhusiopathiae?

<p>Adheres to host cells and inhibits clearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Staphylococcus hyicus?

<p>Gram positive coccus in clusters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of infections caused by Staphylococcus hyicus in young pigs?

<p>Reddish or copper colored skin with scabs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virulence factor of Staphylococcus hyicus helps it avoid clearance from the host?

<p>Antiphagocytic capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission method for Staphylococcus hyicus?

<p>Direct or indirect contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in treating greasy pig disease?

<p>Inconsistent responses to antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of greasy pig disease?

<p>Severe coughing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in pigs?

<p>Erysipelas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effective strategy for preventing ringworm in pigs?

<p>Improving sanitation and hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism allows Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to avoid host defenses?

<p>Adherence through afimbrial adhesins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of spread for Microsporum nanum?

<p>Contact with infected surfaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical feature is characteristic of dermatophytosis?

<p>Erythema, pustules, and scaling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae display in terms of antibiotic resistance?

<p>Natural resistance to penicillins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant diagnostic method for detecting dermatophytes?

<p>Examination of hairs and scales in mineral oil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic feature marks the inflammatory response from dermatophyte infection?

<p>Ring-shaped lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine is used for the prevention of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections?

<p>Modified live vaccines and bacterins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of keratinases produced by dermatophytes?

<p>Breaking down keratin in skin and hair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Greasy pig disease

A skin infection in young pigs caused by Staphylococcus hyicus, characterized by reddish skin, greasy scales, and eventual scab formation.

Staphylococcus hyicus

A Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacteria common in pig skin and mucous membranes.

Transmission (S. hyicus)

Direct or indirect contact spreads Staphylococcus hyicus.

Virulence factors (S. hyicus)

Features that help Staphylococcus hyicus evade the host's immune response and cause disease. These factors include antiphagocytic capsules and toxins.

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Pathogenic mechanisms (S. hyicus)

Staphylococcus hyicus' ability to infect new-born piglets by avoiding the host's immune system and producing toxins.

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Pig Symptoms (Greasy Pig)

Young pigs show reddish skin, followed by greasy scales, peeling scabs, anorexia, dehydration and weakness.

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Facultative anaerobe

Organism that can survive with or without oxygen.

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Antiphagocytic capsule

A protective layer that prevents the pig's immune cells (phagocytes) from consuming the bacteria.

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E. rhusiopathiae Adherence

E. rhusiopathiae bacteria use multiple afimbrial adhesins to attach to host cells, evading clearance by the host's immune system.

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E. rhusiopathiae Complement Inhibition

E. rhusiopathiae bacteria employ mechanisms like a capsule and surface proteins to prevent the host's complement system from attacking them.

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E. rhusiopathiae Intracellular Survival

E. rhusiopathiae bacteria can live inside host cells, making it difficult for the immune system to eliminate them.

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E. rhusiopathiae Neuraminidase Production

E. rhusiopathiae bacteria produce neuraminidase, an enzyme that damages endothelial cells, causing inflammation and tissue damage.

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Dermatophyte Adaptation

Dermatophytes adapt to the host environment by adhering to the stratum corneum, germinating, and tolerating high temperatures.

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Dermatophyte Spreading Factors

Dermatophytes produce keratinases and other proteases, enzymes that break down keratin in the skin, allowing them to spread.

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Ectothrix

In dermatophyte infections, arthroconidia form on the surface of hair, known as ectothrix infection.

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Dermatophyte Ring-Shaped Lesion

Dermatophyte infections cause a characteristic ring-shaped lesion due to an inflammatory response radiating outwards from the infection site.

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S. hyicus pathogenic mechanisms

Newborn piglets infected with Streptococcus suis from their dam are vulnerable to colonization, toxin production, and skin damage. Exfoliative toxins damage skin layers, leading to skin loss and fluid loss, which cause inflammation.

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Exfoliative toxins of S. hyicus

Toxins produced by Streptococcus suis that cause cleavage of porcine desmoglein 1, resulting in intraepidermal cleavage and skin blistering.

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae characteristics

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid tissues of pigs.

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"Diamond skin disease"

A clinical manifestation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection, characterized by skin lesions resembling a diamond pattern.

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae pathogenic mechanisms

E. rhusiopathiae can evade host defenses through adherence, complement inhibition, and intracellular survival. It also produces neuraminidase, which possibly contributes to pathogenicity

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S. hyicus diagnosis

Diagnosis of Streptococcus suis infection is based on clinical signs and laboratory confirmation through culture of exudates and skin scrapings.

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S. hyicus treatment/prevention

Treatment of Streptococcus suis infection faces challenges due to antibiotic resistance. Good hygiene practices and appropriate vaccinations can be essential preventive measures.

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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae disease types

Infection with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can manifest as acute septicemia (systemic infection), subacute, or chronic disease, that can involve arthritis and endocarditis.

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Study Notes

Swine Skin Disease Overview

  • Swine skin diseases include various conditions caused by different pathogens
  • Key pathogens include Staphylococcus hyicus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Microsporum nanum

Staphylococcus hyicus

  • Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, cocci in clusters
  • Part of the normal skin microbiota
  • Transmission via direct or indirect contact
  • Causes greasy pig disease (exudative epidermitis) in young pigs
  • Symptoms include reddish/copper-colored skin, developing dark, greasy, scab-like scales that peel off
  • Further symptoms include anorexia, dehydration, weakness, and depression
  • Pathogenic mechanisms include colonization of newborns from the dam, avoidance of host defenses (antiphagocytic capsule), and production of toxins (exfoliative toxins that cleave porcine desmoglein 1, causing intraepidermal cleavage plane) leading to loss of skin layers and dehydration

Staphylococcus hyicus: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and culture of exudates/skin scrapings
  • Common antibiotic resistance in S. hyicus
  • Treatment includes good hygienic practices and autogenous bacterins

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

  • Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, slender bacillus
  • Part of the normal gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid tissue microbiota in pigs
  • Pigs acquire this organism by ingestion
  • Causes erysipelas (diamond skin disease)
  • Symptoms include acute septicemic disease, fever, anorexia, depression, vomiting, and skin lesions
  • Subsequent subacute and chronic disease may become apparent
  • Chronic disease may include arthritis and vegetative endocarditis
  • Zoonotic disease

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Pathogenic Mechanisms

  • Bacteria ingested by pigs
  • Avoidance of host defenses (adherence via multiple afimbrial adhesins, inhibiting complement deposition using capsule and cell surface protein; facultative intracellular pathogen)
  • Production of neuraminidase and endothelial damage

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnosis involves culturing blood or skin lesions
  • Treatment includes the use of penicillins (as they are effective) and modified live vaccines/bacterins.

Microsporum nanum

  • Obligate aerobic molds
  • Macroconidia and microconidia formed from aerial hyphae (in free living forms)
  • Arthroconidia in parasitic form
  • Part of the normal soil microbiota
  • Transmission via contact
  • Causes ringworm (tinea, dermatophytosis)
  • Symptoms including erythema, pustules, scaling, and crusting
  • Lesions are generally superficial

Microsporum nanum: Pathogenic Mechanisms

  • Conidia enter skin through breaks
  • Adaptation to host environment (adhering to stratum corneum)
  • Germination
  • Thermotolerance
  • Production of spreading factors (keratinases and proteases)
  • Inflammatory response leading to a ring-shaped lesion

Microsporum nanum: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Diagnosis involves observing hairs and scales in mineral oil/KOH, fungal culture on dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
  • Treatment involves the use of topical antifungals and good sanitation.

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Related Documents

Swine Skin Disease (PDF)

Description

Explore the various swine skin diseases and their causes, particularly focusing on Staphylococcus hyicus. This quiz covers transmission methods, symptoms, pathogenic mechanisms, and diagnostic approaches. Perfect for veterinary students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of porcine health.

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