Cutaneous masses

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Which of the following is a non-dermatologic cause of swelling?

Hernias (correct)
Mycobacteria
Urticaria
Bacterial infection

Which of the following is a characteristic of swellings from right-sided heart failure or hypoalbuminemia?

Painful swelling
Swelling with clear fluid on FNA
Swelling that pits on pressure (correct)
Swelling caused by bursitis

Which condition is characterized by gas in the subcutaneous tissue that is crepitant without pain or swelling?

Bacterial infection
Emphysema (correct)
Urticaria
Mycobacteria

Which of the following is an example of an infectious inflammatory mass?

Abscesses/cellulitis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by degeneration of mast cells causing painless and pitted swelling upon pressure?

Urticaria (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of angioedema?

Involves the head (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can be caused by Mycobacteria or Actinobacillus?

Bacterial granulomas (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves degranulation of mast cells causing wheals with or without pruritis?

Urticaria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a seroma?

A non-painful and non-pitting accumulation of serum under the skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of a hematoma?

Trauma (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is most commonly affected by melanomas?

Horses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a cyst?

An epithelial-lined cavity containing fluid or solid material (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of pyrexia in animals with skin masses?

Reaction to infection/inflammation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most useful technique for cytology of skin masses?

'Needle only' with no suction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What information does cytology provide about a skin mass?

Cell types and diagnostic representation (D) Signup and view all the answers

When is subsequent histopathology required for grading a neoplasm?

When tissue architecture is needed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of cytology in investigating skin masses?

Unrepresentative samples and inability to grade neoplasms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of non-infectious inflammatory masses in the skin?

Potential causes of non-infectious inflammatory masses in the skin include urticaria/angioedema, eosinophilic granuloma, insect bite granuloma, sterile panniculitis, hematoma, and seroma. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of infectious inflammatory masses in the skin?

Potential causes of infectious inflammatory masses in the skin include abscesses/cellulitis (post-trauma or foreign body/bite), furunculosis, bacterial granulomas (such as those caused by Mycobacteria, Actinobacillus, or Nocardia), and deep/subcutaneous or systemic fungal granuloma. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between urticaria and angioedema?

Urticaria is characterized by wheals with or without pruritus, while angioedema is characterized by large, edematous swelling usually involving the head. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cellulitis in pigs?

The main cause of cellulitis in pigs is interdigital staphylococcal furunculosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential cause of furunculosis?

Furunculosis can be caused by Staphylococcus or Demodex infections. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves degranulation of mast cells causing painless and pitted swelling upon pressure?

Angioedema involves degranulation of mast cells causing painless and pitted swelling upon pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes of gas in the subcutaneous tissue that is crepitant without pain or swelling?

Gas in the subcutaneous tissue that is crepitant without pain or swelling can be caused by severe respiratory disease or lung puncture, introduction of air through a cutaneous wound, rumenotomy or rumen cannulization, or Clostridial infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a seroma and a hematoma?

A seroma is an accumulation of serum under the skin, while a hematoma is a loss of blood from damaged or ruptured blood vessels under the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common causes of neoplastic skin masses in animals?

In older animals, neoplastic skin masses are commonly caused by conditions such as melanomas in grey horses, lipomas, sebaceous adenomas, and mast cell tumors. Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors to consider in the signalment and history of a dog with a mast cell tumor?

Some factors to consider include species (mast cell tumors are common in older dogs), breed/color (mast cell tumors are common in boxers), and age (neonates may have umbilical abscess, while older animals may have neoplasia). Signup and view all the answers

What are some general history factors that may provide clues about the cause of a skin mass?

History of trauma/fight/surgery may indicate abscess, cellulitis, hematoma, or seroma. Recent injection may indicate abscess or panniculitis. Systemic signs such as respiratory signs, weight loss, lethargy may indicate systemic/metastatic neoplasia or systemic fungal infections. Depression and inappetance may be associated with microbial infections/abscess. Dermatological history, such as speed of onset of mass or prior history of neoplasia, may also be relevant. Signup and view all the answers

What are some clinical signs that may indicate the presence of a mast cell tumor in a dog?

Clinical signs that may indicate a mast cell tumor in a dog include paraneoplastic signs (e.g. hematemesis), respiratory signs, weight loss, lethargy, depression, and inappetance. Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors to consider during a dermatological examination of a skin mass?

During a dermatological examination of a skin mass, it is important to consider the presence of inflammation (sterile vs septic), the type of neoplasia (round cell vs epithelial vs spindle cell), and the characteristics of a cyst (contents produced by cyst's epithelial lining and presence of secondary inflammation if cyst ruptures). Signup and view all the answers

What are some limitations of cytology in investigating skin masses?

Some limitations of cytology in investigating skin masses include the fact that not all cell types are easily shed, making the sample unrepresentative or non-diagnostic. Cytology also does not provide information about tissue architecture, so subsequent histopathology may be required for grading a neoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What does cytology of a skin mass involve?

Cytology of a skin mass involves techniques such as fine needle aspirate (needle only, continuous suction, or intermittent suction) and impression smear of the surface or sinus contents. Signup and view all the answers