Swedish Legal System

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Questions and Answers

Vilket av följande alternativ beskriver bäst den allmänna rättslärans huvudsakliga uppgift?

  • Att enbart fokusera pÃ¥ de nationella lagarnas tillämpning och tolkning.
  • Att skapa nya lagar och förordningar baserade pÃ¥ aktuella samhällsbehov.
  • Att behandla generella frÃ¥geställningar inom rätten som är relevanta för alla jurister. (correct)
  • Att detaljreglera specifika rättsomrÃ¥den för att minska tolkningsutrymmet.

Vad innebär rättsidén i sin mest grundläggande form?

  • En uppsättning moraliska principer som styr rättssystemets utformning.
  • En detaljerad och systematiserad beskrivning av alla lagar i ett samhälle.
  • En sammanfattning av de disparata och ibland motsägelsefulla föreställningar som förknippas med ord som 'rätt' och 'rättvisa'. (correct)
  • En vetenskaplig analys av rättens historiska utveckling.

Vad är den primära funktionen hos en rättsordning i ett samhälle?

  • Att upprätthÃ¥lla samhällsfriden genom att skapa ett system för att lösa konflikter och garantera efterlevnad av regler. (correct)
  • Att främja kulturell utveckling och bevara historiska traditioner.
  • Att främja ekonomisk tillväxt genom att skapa gynnsamma affärsvillkor.
  • Att säkerställa att alla medborgare har lika tillgÃ¥ng till utbildning och sjukvÃ¥rd.

Vilket av följande alternativ utgör en korrekt beskrivning av rättskällor?

<p>De lagar, prejudikat och sedvänjor som jurister använder som underlag för att fastställa gällande rätt. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär det att skilja mellan rättsordningens innehåll och form?

<p>Att skilja mellan vad rätten säger och hur den är strukturerad, likt skillnaden mellan ett språks innehåll och dess grammatik. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad avses med uttrycket att en rättsregel är 'rättslig' snarare än enbart konventionell eller moralisk?

<p>Att rättsregeln är formellt inbäddad i en rättsordning och har vissa formella egenskaper. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär makroperspektivet i studiet av rättssystemet?

<p>Att betrakta rättssystemet i sin helhet och identifiera olika typer av rättsregler. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar rättskälleläror?

<p>De är samhällets idéer om vilka rättskällorna är samt deras vikt och inbördes ordning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilken roll spelar förarbeten som rättskälla i Sverige jämfört med England, enligt texten?

<p>I Sverige används förarbeten i stor utsträckning, medan de i England inte beaktas av domstolarna. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad menas med att en rättskälla är en 'auktoritetskälla'?

<p>Att källan har auktoritet oavsett dess innehåll. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilken funktion har rättskällorna i förhållande till rättsordningen?

<p>De utgör basen från vilken rättsreglerna härleds och tolkas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar den juridiska tolkningen enligt beskrivningen i texten?

<p>Att den skall resultera i uppställande av normer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär det att en rättsregel är 'potentiellt komplett'?

<p>Att regeln skulle kunna vara den enda regeltypen i ett rättssystem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är en 'böraregel' och hur skiljer den sig från ett påbud och en tillåtelse?

<p>En böraregel är svagare än ett påbud men starkare än en tillåtelse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar generalklausuler?

<p>De innehåller ett mycket öppet, allmänt värderekvisit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är ett blankettstadgande?

<p>En regel vars innehåll inte kan förstås utan att man går till normer utanför regeln själv. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är kompetensregler?

<p>Regler som ger eller fråntager personer eller myndigheter kompetens under vissa omständigheter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är kvalifikationsregler?

<p>Regler som rättsligt kvalificerar (klassificerar) icke-rättsliga företeelser. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad skiljer en legaldefinition från en legalprincip?

<p>Legaldefinitioner anger alla villkor, medan principer anger faktorer som domaren skall beakta. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är en legislativ programförklaring?

<p>Ett uttalande i lagen om vad lagens ändamål är. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad utgör rekvisiten i en elementär handlingsregel?

<p>De omständigheter som måste vara uppfyllda för att regeln ska tillämpas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilka huvudkomponenter ingår i en rättsordning?

<p>Rättssystem och rättsorganisation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär det att rättsordningarna har generella sociala anspråk?

<p>De reglerar samhällslivet i stort och sätter ramar för det. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilken är rättsordningarnas yttersta resurs för att uppnå sina mål?

<p>Sanktionerna (tvång, straff, skadestånd). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad krävs för att en rättsordning ska existera?

<p>Ett rättssystem och en därtill knuten rättsorganisation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar den civilrättsliga regleringen?

<p>Den handlar om relationer mellan enskilda rättssubjekt. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilka dimensioner bestämmer en rättsregels operationsområde?

<p>Jurisdiktions-, temporala och sakliga dimensioner. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är 'rättstillämpningens dilemma'?

<p>Spänningen mellan att följa lagen och att skapa en rättvis lösning i det enskilda fallet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad menas med att en rättsregel har ett 'influensområde'?

<p>Att regeln kan tillämpas analogt på liknande situationer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär 'extensiv tolkning'?

<p>Att tillämpa en lagregel analogt. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär 'reduktion' i rättstillämpningen?

<p>Att en lagregel inte tillämpas trots att den språkligt sett skulle vara tillämplig. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär det att en lagregel har blivit 'obsolet'?

<p>Att lagen inte längre tillämpas i praktiken. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad innebär systematisk tolkning?

<p>Att tolka lagen i kontext konsekvent med hur begreppet har tolkats i andra relevanta lagar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vilka av följande är exempel på elementära (handlings)regler?

<p>Påbud, förbud och tillåtelser. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad är den centrala tanken bakom den subjektiva teleologiska principen?

<p>Lagen skall tolkas i ljuset av de ändamål som lagstiftaren avsåg att uppnå med lagen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar den fria lagtolkningen?

<p>Att den inte styrs av några principer alls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vad kännetecknar den systematiska principen?

<p>Att en regel som är föremål för tolkning skall tolkas i ljuset av regelkontexten. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

General Jurisprudence

The task of general jurisprudence to address general questions about law, especially fundamental ones, relevant to all lawyers regardless of their field.

The Idea of Law

An idea underlying the law. The summary of beliefs that normally are associated with words such as law, jurisprudence, legal system, legal authority, right and duty.

Legal Order

The system of rules applicable to certain facts, which may be a legal system.

Legal Organization

The set of institutions, such as courts and law enforcement, tasked with creating and enforcing rules.

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Sources of Law

Laws, precedents, custom, etc., that form the basis of the legal order.

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Legal Theory of Sources

The ideas in legal circles about sources of law and their priorities.

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Authoritative Sources

Sources that are seen as having authority (regardless of content).

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Argumentative Sources

Sources with arguments, in which one looks for good arguments (legal reasons)

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Legal Norm

A norm is the meaning content in a sentence, which expresses either an order, a prohibition or a permission. Legal rules are norms.

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Legal Sources Comprise

Are the sources from which legal rules are derived.

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Rule Requirements

The rule elements that define the terms under discussion.

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The Validity of Rule

What should, will, or must be done.

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Social Claims

The social claim that legal orders regulate the whole of social life in general, and create some frame.

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Legal Orders Solution

Legal orders solve disputes between people through the basis for rules in the legal system.

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Coercion and Violence

Legal orders ultimaely resort to coercion and violence.

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Legal Order

Abstract structure consisting of a system of rules and an organization.

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Legal Order

A cultural construct, constructed by people to organize their social lives.

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Legal Application

An intellectual process that can be divided into multiple, independent components.

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The Concept of Valid Law

Is often defined in terms of rules application.

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Legal Interpretation Principles

The act of interpreting a legal text involves various methods with different principles of interpretation.

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Bound Law

A group of principles that places certain restrictions on the interpreted activity.

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Free Law

A group of principles that is not controlled by certain principles.

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Subjective Interpretation

Looking at it in light of legislative intent or other data that has to do with the legislator.

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Literal Interpretation

Should be interpreted in light of its language.

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Systematic Principle

Should be interpreted in the light of systematic relation, the law.

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Study Notes

  • The text is about law and its application, with a focus on the Swedish legal system

The Idea of Law

  • General legal theory addresses broad questions about law relevant to all jurists, irrespective of their specialization or legal system
  • It explores fundamental concepts and principles underlying legal thought
  • General jurisprudence serves as basic research and has an international nature

Task of General Jurisprudence

  • General jurisprudence explores "the idea of law," encompassing disparate and sometimes contradictory notions associated with terms like "law", "justice", "legal system", and related concepts
  • "Legal system" implies general rules for society and specific bodies that create and enforce them
  • Saying Sweden has a legal system means Swedish society is legally organized
  • The legal system includes numerous legal rules found in legislation

Rights Organization

  • The "legal system" undoubtedly falls within the concept of the legal order
  • The notion associates the legal order with courts, legislative assemblies, the legal profession, prosecution authorities and enforcement authorities
  • The most fundamental task is upholding social peace, ensuring social interactions occur peacefully and disputes are resolved peacefully

Conflict Resolution

  • Legal systems, as developed in Western cultures, create institutional forms to resolve conflicts through argument rather than force, notably through legal proceedings

The Basic Idea of the Law

  • The basic idea of law is that order and peace in society, or social order, should be maintained through a legal system
  • It consists of generally framed rules backed by an organization of power, or a power organization
  • Task of general legal theory is to deepen, specify, and systematize pre-analytical notions to formulate a realistic and coherent understanding of law
  • It forms the conceptual basis for specific legal disciplines

Knowledge of the Ordinance

  • Knowledge of the legal system bases itself of laws, precedent setting judgements, and custom
  • The relationship between the knowledge and ordinance is exceptionally abstract

Cultural Creations

  • Legal systems are cultural creations designed by people to organize their social life, with a distinction between content and form, like language
  • Content is everything that can be said or written, while form is grammar or morphology

Systematic Approach

  • Systematic approaches to legal rules and the legal system will be examined
  • The analysis will begin with an overview, followed by a detailed examination of individual rule types and the fundamental rule of action
  • The examination will cover common notions of rights and obligations, and their relationship to the legal system

Focus of Examination

  • The examination will focus on the justice organization
  • The function of a "myndighet" or something other public facility will analysed

Instruments

  • An instrumental view of the legal system is relevant, since it is a means to an end outside of itself
  • A distinguishing feature is that that legal rules are applicable by officials holding positions in the justice organization

The Application of Law

  • Main section 3 addresses the application of law and there relevance under certain subject matter and usually applied if materializes something like those authorities
  • "Applicable law" and section 3.1 discusses such areas
  • A legal system can be seen as an abstract structure consisting of a system of rules, as well as an organization comprised of social authorities
  • The relationships between the components make the structure

Factors

  • Factors, consciously or unconsciously affect the judging of individual cases
  • Every legal decision is fully determined by legal source factors
  • Judges can be affected by various factors

Categories of Factors

  • Legal sources as categories of factors are considered relevant by judges in general
  • Legal sources are typically the basis for decisions in individual cases, such as laws, preparatory works, precedents, legal writings, customs, and contracts
  • Ideas in legal circles about legal sources, their significance and precedence, constitute the society's legal source doctrine, with attempts to present these as detailed rule systems that are part of the legal systems
  • Legal history offers examples of lawmakers attempting to regulate legal source theory, but attempts have typically failed

Fundamentals of Analysis

  • Analysis of "rättskällebegrepp" must depend on what one is intended to be used the concept to
  • There is no need to label everything that can influence a judge
  • Regulations about what the regular rule are usually followed and the fog apply

Laws

  • Laws are considered the major one of the authorities and are often taking place to provide first when interpreting this.
  • In historical perspective, we can find, that every authority, even the written the law, had their glanz- or bottom period,
  • Law text is located in the oldest that the text is about the people. Also the law a long time to have the breakthrough as a source, such as in England

Preparation

  • Preparation of materials i.e analysis has been on a scale that is by all is international seen unique
  • The opposite of how preparation is going can been seen in England and has the principle to be shown from of the court

Common Low

  • An extensive part of the angle-american right, where judges in the old time would rather go to the law-maker to ask for advice on laws insteading of interpretting the laws on their own

Doctrine

  • Doctrine are hard to determine since they can work in a secretive role and can implement an indirect roll
  • The classic rule right will be to do it with the law
  • Under some condition, under the doctrine in the over store 1500 talet Hävandet av law monopoly the even to the doctrine in the current Germany

Custom

  • Custom are located deep in the "for rite us time" and is probably a part of the lag verk
  • If a customary are followed in the end those laws are built on precedent

Contracts

  • In the same way as when handlings bruk can even agreement be located on sources

The Use of Law

  • In the debate, one can make a different between sources and argument what sources that are considering of having a store authority despite and what sources that are
  • In today's sweden the law is without a doubt a store authority. I have made an expectation from clear law, reduction can use even to the source in a hard way

Sources and Arguments

  • Since the High court task is the have a main duty to hard solve legal questions it would be weird if the low court would see this decision as not
  • Doctrine are also known as source with good arguments

Order Between the Source That Exists

  • The order about the source is so still that the source's base
  • Jurist's relations is to have the source in order to get the answer what is the right normal the type "If someone take that blanked sheets should he/her consider with a crime
  • A norm is many meaning on in a section that says some about what and or not to do

The Norm

  • The legal interpret to with put what to do to with history
  • What to extract out for what they want to extract

The Material and The Rule of The Law

  • The law has too to do with with other law too apply the right way with is is a high level to make up new rules and from that has the law become clear in some matters

Law and Road.2

  • In a 2 way is are there to look upon in the is to what have the part that the law
  • Some need just parts of the rule

The Components

  • The rule are more or less "stark" i.e the right way to fallow its the way with "modalitet" that is are strong for the rules
  • The side need to be more "precise" so with what side there are to get help from

General Paragraph

  • There a general paragraph the is to be taken to the fact with what one has to do even is the paragraph been a long year

Kompetensreglerna

  • The skill of something give the people the opportunity to to make law relations ( more side 2.5 about the more details)

How Does Giltight Position Affects Handlingsregler

  • If the laws should had affect is when there is a row of handling and will be to with those law
  • Has some law with right or without that it has can affect what the people will be going to i.e should the game play with the thing the is taken the that in one

The Source of Power

  • Not so often the power comes from both rule and skills.The rule is are to with those what the is is i the situation

Knowledge of Right or Wrong

  • Knowledge in the laws is to have a bigger roll then to make it clear side 232 i what the is to be a law on

Qualifications Roll

  • A qualification with an in the is in the most side with be able to do
  • Has the source a skill with the side to that source

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