Sustainability Concepts and Challenges
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Questions and Answers

How does geographical scale influence our approach to sustainability?

Geographical scale affects how we understand and manage sustainability by determining the spatial extent of a system, ranging from local to global levels.

What are feedback loops, and how do they affect the components of a system?

Feedback loops are cycles where changes in one part of a system influence other parts, leading to either reinforcing or balancing effects on the original component.

Explain the concept of 'invisibilities' in space and time related to environmental actions.

Invisibilities refer to the impacts of actions that are not immediately visible, either due to spatial distance affecting others elsewhere or temporal distance impacting future generations.

What is meant by 'tipping points' in environmental systems?

<p>Tipping points are critical thresholds where small changes can cause significant, often irreversible shifts in a system's behavior or structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between vulnerability and resilience in environmental systems.

<p>Vulnerability refers to susceptibility to harm, whereas resilience is the ability of the system to absorb disturbances and continue functioning effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of problem structuring in addressing sustainability challenges?

<p>It breaks down complex sustainability challenges into manageable components, allowing policymakers to identify priorities and create actionable solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does joint knowledge production enhance the understanding of sustainability problems?

<p>It integrates diverse stakeholder expertise, revealing hidden dimensions of problems and providing holistic solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential downsides of integrating diverse knowledge types in problem-solving processes?

<p>It may slow down decision-making and increase conflict due to differing priorities and perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cultural sensitivity important when integrating various knowledge systems?

<p>Cultural sensitivity helps facilitate communication and collaboration, often requiring the use of foreign languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What interdisciplinary approaches do research institutions employ to tackle sustainability challenges?

<p>They engage in transdisciplinary collaborations, apply problem-based learning, and establish sustainability science centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can diverse stakeholder engagement influence problem structuring?

<p>It can help reframe problems by incorporating different viewpoints, leading to more comprehensive understandings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might joint knowledge production aid in identifying priorities for sustainability solutions?

<p>By bringing together varied perspectives, it highlights critical areas that need attention and action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is managing conflicts key when integrating diverse knowledge systems?

<p>Effective conflict management through dialogue and iterative processes is necessary to maintain progress and cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of science as suggested by its systematic methods and empirical testing?

<p>To achieve reliability, reproducibility, and peer validation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the autonomy and authority of science pose challenges in the integration with policy?

<p>It can create conflicts when scientific objectivity clashes with differing values in policymaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of knowledge diversity in the context of sustainability science?

<p>Knowledge diversity is crucial as it ensures that various forms of knowledge are respected and treated equally, facilitating effective problem solving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the linear model imply about the relationship between scientists and policymakers?

<p>It implies a one-way transfer of knowledge that assumes information provided will lead directly to policy action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name and briefly describe the three types of knowledge identified in sustainability science.

<p>The three types of knowledge are Systems Knowledge (understanding system interconnections), Target Knowledge (awareness of desired outcomes), and Transformation Knowledge (knowledge of how to change the system).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'boundary work' in the context of science and policy.

<p>Boundary work involves activities that manage the interface between science and policy, helping to mediate knowledge interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does problem structuring contribute to addressing wicked sustainability problems?

<p>Problem structuring helps clarify complex issues by recognizing the spectrum of societal problems, which aids in the effective navigation of these challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a 'boundary object' in science and policy communication?

<p>A boundary object facilitates communication by providing a shared reference point while allowing for different interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does stakeholder perspective play in effective problem structuring for CCS?

<p>Acknowledging diverse stakeholder perspectives is vital for framing problems that consider technological, ethical, and social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are boundary organizations and their function in the science-policy interface?

<p>Boundary organizations act as intermediaries, integrating knowledge and managing the boundaries between science and policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is boundary work in the context of sustainability knowledge integration?

<p>Boundary work involves bridging different knowledge domains and facilitating dialogue among stakeholders to enhance understanding and cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of demarcation and coordination within scientific domains.

<p>Demarcation and coordination processes separate scientific from non-scientific domains and determine the limits of scientific authority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between credibility and problem structuring.

<p>Credibility is important in problem structuring as it ensures that the knowledge being utilized is trusted and deemed reliable by stakeholders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria must knowledge meet to be considered usable in decision-making processes?

<p>Knowledge must be credible, salient, and legitimate to be effectively utilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have equitable collaborations among stakeholders in sustainability science?

<p>Equitable collaborations ensure that all stakeholders have a voice, which leads to more inclusive and effective decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the integration of different types of knowledge enhance sustainability outcomes?

<p>Integrating different types of knowledge allows for a more holistic understanding of sustainability challenges, leading to more comprehensive and effective solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a science arbiter in policymaking?

<p>To provide expert answers to specific questions asked by policymakers without influencing decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an issue advocate differ from an honest broker?

<p>An issue advocate actively promotes specific policy outcomes, while an honest broker clarifies options without pushing for a particular outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'science advisory ecosystem' refer to?

<p>It refers to the network of individuals, institutions, and mechanisms through which scientific advice is provided to policymakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of transparency in the role of a hornets issue advocate?

<p>Transparency about biases and values ensures informed discussions while advocating for specific actions or policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of evidence synthesis in the context of scientific advice.

<p>Evidence synthesis is the process of integrating various scientific findings to inform policy decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define brokerage in the context of the relationship between scientific communities and policymakers.

<p>Brokerage is the act of facilitating dialogue and understanding between the scientific community and policymakers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of the honest broker when working with policymakers?

<p>The goal is to present a broad range of choices and their implications without advocating for any specific outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can the science arbiter influence policymakers?

<p>The science arbiter does not influence policymakers; they provide expert answers solely to the questions posed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are transdisciplinary approaches necessary for sustainability research?

<p>Transdisciplinary approaches are necessary because they incorporate both scientific and non-scientific knowledge, addressing the complex, value-laden nature of sustainability problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of collective problem framing in sustainability research according to a pragmatist approach?

<p>Collective problem framing is significant as it encourages shared understanding and collaboration among diverse stakeholders, enhancing social learning and joint experimentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the principle of 'saliency' in the context of transdisciplinary research.

<p>Saliency refers to the relevance and importance of knowledge to the users' needs, ensuring that information produced is practical and useful for the intended audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the principle of 'credibility' contribute to transdisciplinary research?

<p>Credibility contributes by establishing the perception of knowledge as true and reliable, which builds trust between knowledge producers and users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'collaborative knowledge enterprise' mean in the transdisciplinary framework?

<p>Collaborative knowledge enterprise refers to the co-creation and engagement between knowledge producers and users, ensuring that knowledge is jointly developed and applicable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'adaptive' principle enhance research effectiveness in sustainability?

<p>The adaptive principle enhances research effectiveness by promoting flexible approaches that evolve with new information, encouraging risk-taking and learning from failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of 'legitimacy' within the context of knowledge production.

<p>Legitimacy in knowledge production pertains to fairness, impartiality, and the absence of hidden agendas, ensuring that information is perceived as unbiased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do power dynamics play in transdisciplinary sustainability research?

<p>Power dynamics play a critical role by influencing interactions and decision-making processes among diverse stakeholders involved in the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geographical Scale

The size of the area or region being studied, from a small local area to the entire planet.

Feedback Interactions/Loops

How different parts of a system influence each other, creating cycles of change.

Invisibilities in Space and Time

The hidden consequences of our actions that may not become apparent until later in time or in distant locations.

Complexity

The complex web of connections between social and environmental systems, making it hard to predict the impact of our actions.

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Tipping Point, Regime Shifts

Points where a small change can lead to a major shift in the behavior of a system.

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Systems knowledge

Understanding the connections and interactions between different parts of a system, like how climate change affects the economy and society.

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Target knowledge

Knowing what you want to achieve, what are the desired outcomes of your actions?

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Transformation knowledge

Understanding how to change a system to achieve your desired outcomes.

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Problem structuring

The ability to think about problems in a structured way and break them down into smaller parts for easier understanding.

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Stakeholder perspectives

Recognizing different people or groups who are affected by a problem and understanding their views.

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Problem framing

Balancing three key aspects when analyzing a problem: whether the solution is technically possible, ethically sound, and truly addresses the issue fairly.

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Knowledge integration

The process of ensuring that different types of knowledge are valued and used together when solving problems.

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Boundary work

The practice of connecting people with different types of knowledge to work together and address complex problems.

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Problem Structuring for Sustainability

Breaking down complex sustainability issues into smaller, manageable parts. This helps policymakers identify key priorities and develop practical solutions.

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Joint Knowledge Production

Combining knowledge from different sources like scientists, citizens, and policymakers. This approach leads to a more comprehensive understanding of problems and more effective solutions.

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Reframing Problems Through Joint Knowledge

Involves understanding the problem from multiple perspectives. It encourages diverse viewpoints and brings out hidden aspects of the issue.

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Benefits and Challenges of Integrating Knowledge

The potential benefit of incorporating different knowledge systems is a richer understanding of the problem and more creative solutions. However, it can also lead to slower decision-making and increased conflict due to conflicting priorities and perspectives.

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Managing Conflicts in Knowledge Integration

Managing these conflicts through open dialogue, iterative processes, and cultural sensitivity is crucial for a successful outcome. It's about bridging the gap between different knowledge systems.

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Integrating Diverse Knowledge in Universities

Universities often use interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches, engage in collaborative partnerships, and incorporate problem-based learning to integrate different knowledge types and tackle sustainability challenges.

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Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Research

Research institutions foster collaboration between academics, Indigenous communities, and local knowledge holders to address sustainability challenges. This ensures that solutions are more inclusive and relevant to the specific context.

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Cultural Sensitivity in Knowledge Integration

The process of incorporating different knowledge systems, especially from different cultures and communities, requires sensitivity and adaptability. It's about recognizing and understanding diverse perspectives and communication styles.

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Science's Authority and Autonomy

The authority of science is based on its perceived objectivity and independence, but this can cause conflicts when science is applied to policy, where different values may clash.

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Linear Model of Science and Policy

A simple model of how science informs policy, suggesting that directly providing scientific information to policymakers will automatically lead to policy action.

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Boundary Object

Tools or artifacts that facilitate communication between different groups by providing a common reference point while allowing for different interpretations.

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Boundary Organization

Organizations that act as intermediaries between science and policy, supporting the integration of knowledge while managing the boundaries between different fields.

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Demarcation and Coordination

Processes that define and coordinate scientific and non-scientific domains, determining the limits of scientific authority and integrating multiple perspectives.

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Criteria for Usable Knowledge

Knowledge must be credible, relevant, and legitimate to be effectively used in decision-making processes.

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Systematic Methods and Empirical Testing

Rigorous methods used in science to ensure reliability, reproducibility, and peer validation of research findings.

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Science Arbiter

A scientist who provides objective answers to specific questions from policymakers, focusing on information without advocating for particular solutions.

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Issue Advocate

An individual who actively promotes specific policies or outcomes based on their scientific knowledge, often advocating for particular solutions.

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Honest Broker

A scientific role focused on clarifying policy options without advocating for a specific outcome. It presents a range of choices and their implications, providing a balanced perspective.

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Hornets Issue Advocate

An advocate for specific policies or actions, but acknowledges and transparently discloses their own biases and values influencing their position.

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Science Advisory Ecosystem

The network of individuals, institutions, and mechanisms through which scientific advice is provided to policymakers, emphasizing collaborative roles.

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Evidence Synthesis

The process of integrating diverse scientific evidence to inform policy decisions, emphasizing objective analysis and synthesis.

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Brokerage

The process of facilitating communication and understanding between the scientific community and policymakers, ensuring scientific knowledge informs policy decisions.

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Saliency

The importance and relevance of knowledge to the users' needs, ensuring that the information is practical and useful for the intended audience.

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Credibility

The perception of knowledge as true, reliable, and scientifically rigorous, building trust between knowledge producers and users.

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Legitimacy

Fairness, impartiality, and lack of hidden agendas in knowledge production, ensuring that information is perceived as unbiased.

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Collaborative Enterprise

The co-creation and engagement between knowledge producers and users, ensuring that knowledge is jointly developed and practical.

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System Enterprise

Recognizing the interconnected, multi-step nature of addressing complex problems, requiring ongoing adaptation and feedback

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Adaptive Enterprise

Flexible approaches that evolve with new information and circumstances, encouraging risk-taking and learning from failure.

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Political Enterprise

Acknowledging the power dynamics and different perspectives that exist in knowledge production, ensuring inclusivity and equity

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Reflexivity

The process of critically reflecting on and adjusting research practices to ensure inclusivity, rigor, and ethical considerations.

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Study Notes

TABLE DES MATIÈRES

  • Study Questions
    • What is a dynamic social-environmental system?
    • What are the five most challenging features of complex SES?
    • What is Mode 1 science?
    • What is post normal science?
    • What is sustainability science?
  • Discussion questions
    • Why is it difficult to pursue sustainability?
    • Why is post-normal science relevant for sustainability problems?
    • What is an extended peer community, and why is it important for pursuing sustainability?
    • Can simultaneous knowledge production and application compromise science?
  • Study questions
    • What is a worldview?
    • What are the characteristics of the modern (Western) worldview? How does it differ from the Indigenous worldview?
    • What are the requirements for knowledge (development) to be relevant for sustainable development?
    • Why plurality of knowledge and worldview are important for sustainability challenges?
  • Discussion questions
    • Why are worldviews relevant for pursuing sustainable development?
    • (Fitzpatrick) six broad knowledge themes for human-nature connectedness; Which theme or body of knowledge appeals to you most and why?
    • Do you think Indigenous knowledge is transferable to ‘external' people? Give arguments for your opinion (Fitzpatrick; Mazzocchi).
    • What might be the pitfalls of attempting to integrate different types of knowledge? How can you integrate different types of knowledge (Mazzocchi)?
  • Study question
    • What are systems, target, and transformative knowledge, and what barriers exist for their integration? How do you overcome these barriers?
    • Which 5 tasks are central to the Multiple Evidence Based (MEB) approach to guide collaborations between diverse knowledge systems?
  • Discussion Questions
    • How do saliency, legitimacy, and credibility of knowledge play a role in transdisciplinary research and collaboration?
    • Why is knowledge transfer from non-academic actors to researchers mainly concerned with target and transformative knowledge?
    • How does science-based framing differ to knowledge system approaches and why is this important for solving sustainability challenges (Tengo et al)?
    • What are the current challenges of trying to engage/collaborate with indigenous and local knowledge?
  • Study Questions
    • What is a dynamic social-environmental system?
    • What are the five most challenging features of complex SES?
    • What is Mode 1 science?
    • What is post normal science?
  • Study Questions
    • What is a worldview?
    • What are the characteristics of the modern (Western) worldview? How does it differ from the Indigenous worldview?

TASK 2 - THE BASICS OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE

  • The world faces critical sustainability challenges, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource depletion
  • Traditional scientific approaches are insufficient to address these complex problems
  • Sustainability Science is a field that integrates knowledge from multiple disciplines
  • Promotes a shift from traditional science to "post-normal" or "mode 2" science

TASK 3 - WORLDVIEW AND KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION

  • Worldviews and knowledge types shape how societies interact with nature
  • Sustainable solutions must respect the cultural lenses through which societies perceive their relationship with the environment
  • The limitations of traditional sustainability frameworks should be acknowledged
  • Exploring alternative worldviews, beyond conventional sustainability approaches, is important
  • Indigenous knowledge systems offer insights into sustainability
  • Diverse ways of knowing and being, and incorporating these into sustainability solutions is essential.

TASK 4 - KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION AND PROBLEM STRUCTURING

  • Tackling complex sustainability issues like CCUS requires integration of diverse knowledge types
  • Three types of knowledge are: Systems Knowledge, Target Knowledge, Transformation Knowledge.
  • The Problem Structuring process is critical for navigating complex sustainability problems
  • Stakeholder Perspectives in CCS, is essential: Recognizing stakeholder perspectives, and balancing technological feasibility, ethical issues and social considerations.

TASK 5 - CROSSING BOUNDARIES BETWEEN SCIENCE, POLICY, AND SOCIETY

  • The connection between science and society is dynamic
  • Boundary work is vital in facilitating this relationship
  • Decision-makers can better integrate scientific insights into policy and practice by understanding and managing the boundaries between science and non-science
  • Boundary organizations and boundary objects can help bridge the gap.

TASK 7 -TRANSDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION

  • Sustainability in complex fields (like CCUS) requires thoughtful integration of knowledge into real-world application
  • Knowledge must be trustworthy
  • Transdisciplinary collaboration combines scientific and non-scientific knowledge.
  • Includes important concepts such as saliency, legitimacy, and credibility of knowledge to build trust and ensure solutions are relevant.
  • Real-World Labs are an example of this approach.

STUDY QUESTIONS

  • What are the four roles of scientists?
  • What is the difference between an honest broker and issue advocate?
  • What is meant by knowledge brokering?
  • What are the core principles for the knowledge broker at the science-policy interface?
  • What role do you think scientists should play when participating in boundary work?
  • Why is knowledge transfer from non-academic actors to researchers mainly concerned with target and transformative knowledge? . What is the linear model of science-policy-society interaction, and what are its problems?
  • What responses/strategies are proposed in the linear model to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and its use in policy and society?
  • What is boundary work, and what is a boundary object and boundary organization?
  • What are the key characteristics of the complex systems approach and the transformational approach?
  • What are the characteristics of real-world labs and what are their success factors?
  • How do saliency, legitimacy, and credibility of knowledge play a role in transdisciplinary research and collaboration?

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Sustainability Science PDF

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This quiz explores key concepts related to sustainability, including geographical scales, feedback loops, invisibilities, and environmental tipping points. It also addresses the importance of problem structuring, joint knowledge production, and stakeholder engagement in sustainability practices. Test your understanding of these critical issues and their implications for environmental systems.

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