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Questions and Answers
What is the primary environmental concern associated with fast fashion?
What is the primary environmental concern associated with fast fashion?
Which process describes the movement of tectonic plates driven by heated magma?
Which process describes the movement of tectonic plates driven by heated magma?
What effect do microplastics have on marine ecosystems?
What effect do microplastics have on marine ecosystems?
What type of plate movement occurs at mid-ocean ridges?
What type of plate movement occurs at mid-ocean ridges?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of air pollution?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of air pollution?
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Which natural disaster is primarily caused by plate movement?
Which natural disaster is primarily caused by plate movement?
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Which layer of the Earth's crust is denser?
Which layer of the Earth's crust is denser?
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What is a major environmental issue caused by e-waste?
What is a major environmental issue caused by e-waste?
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What is the outcome when two continental plates converge?
What is the outcome when two continental plates converge?
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What role does latitude play in climate conditions of a location?
What role does latitude play in climate conditions of a location?
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Which statement is true regarding renewable resources?
Which statement is true regarding renewable resources?
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What factor primarily influences the location of industries?
What factor primarily influences the location of industries?
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Which of the following accurately describes a flow resource?
Which of the following accurately describes a flow resource?
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What is the formula for calculating the Natural Increase Rate?
What is the formula for calculating the Natural Increase Rate?
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What typically characterizes places with a maritime climate?
What typically characterizes places with a maritime climate?
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In demographic studies, what does emigration refer to?
In demographic studies, what does emigration refer to?
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What are the main types of industries in an economy?
What are the main types of industries in an economy?
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Which of the following is a method of extracting natural gas?
Which of the following is a method of extracting natural gas?
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Which factor plays a key role in determining the precipitation levels of an area?
Which factor plays a key role in determining the precipitation levels of an area?
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Which industry typically requires the most mineral resources?
Which industry typically requires the most mineral resources?
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What does the term 'Doubling Time' refer to in demographics?
What does the term 'Doubling Time' refer to in demographics?
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What is a common consequence of overfishing in the fishing industry?
What is a common consequence of overfishing in the fishing industry?
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What is a significant effect of oil spills on marine ecosystems?
What is a significant effect of oil spills on marine ecosystems?
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Which type of pollution is most closely associated with the contamination of freshwater bodies?
Which type of pollution is most closely associated with the contamination of freshwater bodies?
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Which movement of tectonic plates is characterized by two plates sliding past each other?
Which movement of tectonic plates is characterized by two plates sliding past each other?
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What is the primary cause of natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
What is the primary cause of natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions?
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What is a consequence of fast fashion when clothes are disposed of?
What is a consequence of fast fashion when clothes are disposed of?
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Which layer of the Earth's crust is described as being thicker and less dense?
Which layer of the Earth's crust is described as being thicker and less dense?
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What primarily drives the convection currents that move tectonic plates?
What primarily drives the convection currents that move tectonic plates?
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What is one of the main reasons for the breakdown of landmass through erosion?
What is one of the main reasons for the breakdown of landmass through erosion?
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What occurs when an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge?
What occurs when an oceanic plate and a continental plate converge?
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What primarily impacts the climatic conditions of an area due to its position on Earth?
What primarily impacts the climatic conditions of an area due to its position on Earth?
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Which category of resources is characterized by being non-replenishable?
Which category of resources is characterized by being non-replenishable?
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Which factor is crucial for determining the location of a steel factory?
Which factor is crucial for determining the location of a steel factory?
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What does the population density measure?
What does the population density measure?
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Which of the following formulas represents the Natural Increase Rate?
Which of the following formulas represents the Natural Increase Rate?
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What term refers to individuals who move away from their home country?
What term refers to individuals who move away from their home country?
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Which demographic phenomenon results from a higher birth rate than death rate?
Which demographic phenomenon results from a higher birth rate than death rate?
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Which component of urban land use represents the largest percentage in a city?
Which component of urban land use represents the largest percentage in a city?
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What does the 'Push and Pull Factors' concept refer to in migration?
What does the 'Push and Pull Factors' concept refer to in migration?
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Which resource is categorized as a flow resource?
Which resource is categorized as a flow resource?
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What is one consequence of overusing fertilizers in farming?
What is one consequence of overusing fertilizers in farming?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a livable city?
Which of the following is a characteristic of a livable city?
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What is primarily responsible for altering the climate due to air mass movements?
What is primarily responsible for altering the climate due to air mass movements?
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Study Notes
Sustainability and Pollution
- Pollutants, including oil spills, plastic waste, and chemicals, severely harm marine ecosystems.
- Fish consume microplastics, which enter the human food chain.
- Air pollution from factories, vehicles, and deforestation reduces air quality and exacerbates climate change.
- E-waste and fast fashion are environmentally damaging.
- E-waste is toxic and contaminates land and water.
- Fast fashion, made from low-cost materials in sweatshops, produces excessive landfill waste.
- Freshwater waste results from household, agricultural, and industrial overuse, leading to contamination.
Physical Geography
Natural Disasters
- Earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunamis, landslides, hurricanes, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, and droughts/sandstorms are devastating natural disasters globally.
- These disasters are often caused by plate movements.
Physical Processes
- Terrain uplift occurs through volcanism, where lava cools to form igneous rock.
- Terrain breakdown happens through erosion and weathering by rain, ice, and chemical processes.
Geologic Eras
- Geologic eras, in order from oldest to newest, are Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
Tectonic Plates
- Earth's crust consists of large plates that move and interact, causing earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.
- Plates are composed of:
- Continental crust (thicker, less dense)
- Oceanic crust (thinner, more dense)
- Plate movement is driven by convection currents in the Earth's interior.
- Heated magma rises, cools, and creates currents that move plates.
- Seven major plates: African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Australian, North American, Pacific, and South American.
Types of Plate Movement
- Divergent: Plates move apart, typically along mid-ocean ridges.
- Convergent: Plates move toward each other.
- Transform: Plates slide parallel against each other, causing frequent small earthquakes but less catastrophic damage.
- Subduction: Denser oceanic plate slides beneath a continental plate.
- Collision of continental plates: Since both are similar in density, plates crumple upward to form mountains.
Factors Influencing Local Conditions (LOWERN)
- Latitude: Affects sunlight exposure and climate.
- Ocean currents: Influence temperature and climate. Water moving away from the equator is warmer shaping ocean currents, which can be tracked and predicted.
- Winds and air masses: Determine local climate conditions. An air mass is a large volume of air that behaves like its source environment.
- Elevation: Higher elevations have lower temperatures due to lower air pressure as air is thinner and molecules spread out, cooling the air.
- Relief: Landforms influence precipitation patterns.
- Nearness to water: Coastal areas have milder climates.
Industries and Resources
Resources
- Renewable resources: Replenish naturally at a rate that supports human use, provided human consumption is below natural replenishment.
- Non-renewable resources: Formed slowly over millions of years, so current resources are finite. Fossil fuels and minerals are the two most significant categories of non renewable resources.
- Flow resources: Continuously replenished by nature, unaffected by human activities. Examples are sunlight, wind, and water currents.
- Primary, secondary, and tertiary industries focus on the production of goods and services.
- Primary: Extraction of natural resources.
- Secondary: Manufacturing of raw materials into finished goods.
- Tertiary: Provision of services.
- Total stock represents all elements of the natural environment (energy, living organisms, and non-living materials).
Natural Resources (Canada)
- Water scarcity and pollution are issues in Canada.
- Overfishing and depletion of fish stocks affect the fishing industry.
- Oil extraction provides economic benefits but has environmental costs.
- Fracking extracts natural gas from shale rock.
- Farming faces challenges from excessive pesticide use, fertilizer overuse, and farmland loss due to urbanization.
Influence on Industry Location
- Industry location depends on factors such as resource access, transportation networks, and market demand.
- An example for each factor: A steel mill is often located near iron ore mines with good transportation and a market for its products.
Electricity Generation in Canada
- Canada mainly uses hydroelectric, nuclear, and thermal power sources.
- Hydroelectric and nuclear have low carbon emissions, but nuclear has high costs and environmental impacts.
Human Geography
Population Density
- Population density is expressed as the number of people per square kilometer.
Population Changes
- Population change is measured by birth and death rates. Population change is studied under Demography.
- Birth rate: Number of births per 1000 people per year.
- Death rate: Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
- Natural increase/decrease rate: Difference between birth and death rates.
- Emigrant: Person moving out of a country.
- Immigrant: Person moving into a country.
- Emigration rate: Number of emigrants per 1000 people per year.
- Immigration rate: Number of immigrants per 1000 people per year.
- Net migration rate: Difference between immigration and emigration rates.
- Doubling time: Calculated by dividing 70 by the natural increase rate.
- Push and pull factors: Factors influencing migration such as opportunities, living conditions, and political conflicts.
Demographic Transition Model
- A model that helps understand population changes over time.
Urban Land Use
- Urban areas are divided into land use categories:
- Residential (40%)
- Transportation (33%)
- Institutional (10%)
- Open space (7%)
- Industrial (6%)
- Commercial (4%)
- Conflicts can arise between different land uses.
Characteristics of a Livable City
- Accessibility, safety, and quality of life are factors in livability.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on sustainability, pollution, and natural disasters. This quiz covers the impact of pollutants on marine ecosystems and the causes and effects of various natural disasters. Explore the connections between human activity and environmental challenges.
