Lecture 1 Hard
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Questions and Answers

What is the value of 'M' when calculating for 1625 feet?

  • 0.307 (correct)
  • 0.325
  • 0.303
  • 0.310

    • The corrected rod reading after accounting for curvature is 10.51'.

    False

    What is the formula used to calculate 'c' when using the value of 'F'?

    c = 0.0239(F)²

    The initial reading on the level rod was ___ feet.

    <p>10.51</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following equations with their corresponding variables:

    <p>M = 1625/5280 F = 1625/1000 c = Curvature correction K = Kilometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would the value of 'c' be when 'F' equals 1.625?

    <p>0.06'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The departure from the horizontal line at 1625 feet is 0.06'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corrected rod reading after making the adjustment?

    <p>10.45'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elevation of the Temporary Benchmark (TBM) after running the levels?

    <p>1057.13'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is unnecessary to set multiple Temporary Benchmarks (TBMs) at the job site.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to find the elevation on the Temporary Benchmark (TP)?

    <p>HI - FS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elevation of the benchmark (BM) is __________.

    <p>1049.91'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their meanings:

    <p>BM = Benchmark elevation HI = Height of Instrument FS = Foresight reading TBM = Temporary Benchmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of closing the level loop?

    <p>To verify if there is an error in the level readings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of establishing a turning point (TP)?

    <p>To provide a reference point for elevation measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recorded in the BS (+) column of level note keeping?

    <p>The backsight rod reading in feet, tenths, and hundredths of a foot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The foresight (FS) rod reading is taken on an object of known elevation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the computed elevation for TP1?

    <p>2301.55’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only the foot part of the backsight rod reading needs to be recorded if it is below 1 foot.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once a suitable turning point is established, the level rod is placed on the ______.

    <p>turning point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a hard surface cannot be found for the turning point?

    <p>Set a railroad spike in the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in the leveling process:

    <p>HI = Height of instrument FS = Foresight reading TP = Turning Point BM = Benchmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rod reading on TP1?

    <p>7.58’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TP1 elevation is calculated by adding the foresight rod reading to HI-1.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the computed HI-5 based on the provided BS reading and elevation for TP4?

    <p>2317.37’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The BS reading observed on TP4 is 9.26’.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elevation is associated with TP3?

    <p>2316.28’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the FS rod reading observed for TP2?

    <p>5.81’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The HI-5 for TP4 is calculated by adding the BS rod reading of ______ to the elevation.

    <p>9.59’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elevation for TP2 was calculated by adding the FS rod reading to HI-2.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>BS = Backsight rod reading HI = Height of Instrument FS = Foresight rod reading BM = Benchmark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HI-3 is calculated by adding the BS rod reading to the elevation for TP2, resulting in HI-3 = ____.

    <p>2314.42’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stations has the lowest corrected elevation?

    <p>TP2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following values to their corresponding terms:

    <p>BM A = 2303.45’ TP1 = 2301.55’ TP2 = 2305.16’ HI-3 = 2314.42’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corrected elevation for TP1 is 2309.13’.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the BS reading for TP2?

    <p>9.42’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elevation for TP2 after calculation?

    <p>2305.16’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The BS rod reading for TP2 was 9.42’.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation FS stand for in leveling?

    <p>Foresight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the corrected elevation at the point marked as TP1?

    <p>2310.97’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elevation at the point marked as BM A is lower than the elevation at TP1.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elevation listed for TP2?

    <p>7.58’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elevation at BM A is _____ feet.

    <p>2309.13</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following points with their marked elevations:

    <p>TP1 = 2310.97’ TP2 = 7.58’ BM A = 2309.13’ Final Point = 2301.55’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elevation difference between TP1 and the final point?

    <p>9.42’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rodperson would move backward to set TP2.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lowest marked elevation in the provided content?

    <p>2301.55’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leveling - Theory, Methods, and Equipment

    • Leveling is the process of determining elevations of points or differences in elevation.
    • Essential for mapping, engineering design, and construction.
    • Used for: designing highways, railroads, canals, sewers; calculating earthwork volumes; and studying land movement.
    • Vertical line follows the local direction of gravity (plumb line).
    • Level surfaces are curved, approximately spheroidal.
    • Bodies of still water approximate level surfaces.
    • Level lines are within level surfaces (curved).
    • Horizontal plane is perpendicular to the vertical line.
    • Horizontal lines are within horizontal planes.
    • Vertical datum is a reference level surface (e.g., mean sea level).
    • Elevation is the vertical distance from the vertical datum to a point.
    • Elevation/height is measured relative to the datum.

    Curvature and Refraction

    • The Earth is curved, causing horizontal lines to deviate from level lines.
    • Refraction (bending of light rays in the atmosphere) further affects the level lines.
    • Curvature and refraction corrections need to be considered in leveling calculations.
    • Corrections are based on the horizontal distance between the instrument and the rod.
    • These corrections are subtracted from initial measurements to get corrected values.

    Differential Leveling

    • Process of finding elevation differences.
    • Involves successive backsight and foresight observations.
    • Benchmarks are used as reference points.
    • Rod readings (BS, FS) are taken using a level instrument.
    • Instrument height (HI) is calculated.
    • Elevations are calculated by adding or subtracting rod readings from the instrument height.

    Datums

    • NGVD29: A past North American vertical datum, based on mean sea level.
    • NAVD88: The current North American vertical datum, using a single benchmark.
    • Key Differences: NGVD29 is based on the average of tidal measurements across many sites whereas NAVD88 was adjusted to encompass additional measurements.

    Level Rods and Readings

    • Fiber glass level rods with marked lines for precise readings.
    • Red numbers indicate feet; black numbers indicate tenths of a foot; and black lines indicate hundredths of a foot.
    • Backsights are on known points; foresights are on unknown points.

    Benchmarking

    • Permanent physical markers, often set in concrete, whose elevation is known.
    • Establishing a network of benchmarks provides a reference system for leveling.

    Methods and Procedures

    • Clear procedures are necessary for recording and calculating elevations correctly.
    • Backsight plus elevation equals height of instrument (HI).
    • HI minus foresight equal elevation or elevation plus foresight equals height of instrument (HI).
    • Differential leveling involves measuring elevations relative to known points using an instrument for successive measurements

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    Leveling-Theory, Methods, and Equipment PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on surveying level calculations, including terms like Temporary Benchmark (TBM) and curvature corrections. This quiz covers formulas, variable matching, and practical applications in level note keeping. Perfect for students in surveying or civil engineering courses.

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